Question

Book: Data and Goliath (The hidden battles to collect your data and control your world) by Bruce Schneier

Chapter 1: Data as a By-product of Computing

1. The chapter describes several ways in which we, the users, generate data. Make a comprehensive list of all the ways in which we generate data. Use the chapter material, and add any other material that you can think of. Organize these ways into categories such as social media, smart homes, work, etc.

2. The chapter talks about lifelogging. Provide a real-life example of lifelogging. What kind of data does it generate?

3. What is metadata? What is the metadata of the following: text message, email, photograph?

4. A gigabyte of memory is fairly inexpensive these days. Document the trends in cost/size of 1 GB of memory over the years.

Answer 1

1)

data genration

smart phones	cell phones	store	cars	photos	news
GPS in smartphones gives more accurate location of user	using location cell phones generate data.	computers in store produce data like goods which are purchased,time and date of purchased goods.Even the credit and debit information data is send to banks.The video camera also genrate data by storing videos of store in case of fraud.	Cars have computers inbuild init which stores the information like pressing   on the pedals, the position of steering   wheel,if any accidents are about take place	digital photos have information like date,time,etc.Cameras have GPS,lens information,etc.	News and entertainment news data we get it through internet

3)Metadata:metadata is data about data.It means that data that describes the other data.

Text messages:

Text messages are files generated by electronic devices such as cell phones, tablets, and instant message systems. Theycome in 3 forms: short message service (SMS) and multimedia messaging service (MMS) and EMS. A standard text message is sent using SMS, which is usually no longer than 160 characters. MMS include not only text, but also images, video, and sound. Text messages can be stored and saved with different file formats as follows:

• .bbm (BlackBerry Messenger)
• .sms
• .mms
• .ipa (iPhone and iPad)
• .mmssms.db, etc.

Email:

• Data stored in an email about the email. Often this data is not even viewable in email client application used to create the email. The amount of email metadata available for a particular email varies greatly depending on the email system.
• Data stored in an email about the email. Often this data is not even viewable in email client application used to create the email. The amount of email metadata available for a particular email varies greatly depending on the email system. Example: Subject, Sent Date, To, Attachment, etc.

Phtograph:

Photo metadata is a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image.

It allows information to be transported with an image file, in a way that can be understood by other software and human users.

The pixels of image files are created by automated capture from cameras or scanners. Metadata is stored in two main places:

• Internally – embedded in the image file, in formats such as JPEG, DNG, PNG, TIFF …
• Externally – outside the image file in a digital asset management system (DAM) or in a “sidecar” file

4)

year	Byte	cost
2015	76 exabytes	$100,000 per year
2013	12 exabytes	$1.4 billion

2)In todays world Internet has reached globally,it is increasing day by day and has become an important part of our life.Everything has become automatic and humas have become lazy because of these technology.