Question

1. A 24-year-old patient presents with dehydration and diarrhea after hiking on the application trail for two weeks. You are handed a fecal sample in the lab with directions to identify the genus and species, to allow the doctor to prescribe the proper medication. You know that the issue could be bacterial, protists, or parasitic. Please describe the different testing techniques for each, including stains, agars, and more, in addition to possible treatments.
   1. What steps would you take if the organism was a gram-negative bacterium? How would you identify the species? What medications might be given?
   2. What steps would you take if the organism was a protists? How would you identify the species? What medications might be given?
   3. What steps would you take if the organism was a parasite? How would you identify the species? What medications might be given?

Answer 1

Different testing methods for stool mainly known as stool analysis in stool analysis protists and protozoa,parasites can be find out by microscopic examination of stool which the traditional method. When using this method we can get details such as type organism and its egg or ova.  Bacteria can be detected by stool culture using this we can get type of bacteria involved in infection.

For prepare stains we can use wet mount method in this normal saline , iodine solution or buffered methylene blue maybe used. The major culture media include Blood agar, chocolate agar, nutrient agar , Maconkey agar etc using this we can find out different types of bacterial infections.

a) If the organism is gram negative we should be careful because it is dangerous common steps include multiple level treatment is to be considered because most of them are resistant to antibiotics. Main gram negative species include E coli , shigella and salmonella most of gram negative bacillus are rod shaped . Under microscopic examination their cell wall appears as purple red because they can't retain crystal violet . Major medications include fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin and aminoglycoside such as gentamicin and amikacin. b) If the organism is protista steps for treatment and symptoms should be checked . They can be identified by microscopic examination they are eukaryotic with ovel,triangular,or round shape with cilia, flagella or pseudopodia mode of treatment is by metronidazole or tinidazole

C) If it's an parasitic infection then check symptoms such as anemia , abdominal consistency etc and steps for treatment is considered . They can be identified under microscopic examination based on their shape they may be round worm , hook worm or tapeworm etc. Main drugs of choice are albendazole, mebendazole or praziquental depending on type of parasite.