Question

In: Biology

1. A 40-year-old female patient had polydipsia and polyuria during a state of dehydration. Lab results...

1. A 40-year-old female patient had polydipsia and polyuria during a state of dehydration. Lab results revealed hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. No hyperglycemia and glycosuria was noted. Patient had a lack of the following hormone:

a. Antidiuretic Hormone

b. Aldosterone

c. Erythropoietin

d. Insulin

e. None of the Above

2. Patient in question #1 had the following disorder:

a. Diabetes Insipidus

b. Diabetes Mellitus

c. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

d. Hyperaldosteronism (Excessive Secretion of Aldosterone)

e. Hypoaldosteronism (Decreased Secretion of Aldosterone)

3. Patient in question #1 had the following acid base imbalance:

a. Metabolic Acidosis

b. Metabolic Alkalosis

c. Respiratory Acidosis

d. Respiratory Alkalosis

e. None of the Above

Expert Solution

1.

Answer. b.Aldosterone

Explanation:

Aldosterone stimulates reabsorption of water and sodium ions and excretion of potassium ions from the renal tubule. In case, there is a deficiency in the aldosterone, the reabsorption of sodium ions and water and excretion of potassium will not occur in the renal tubule. This results in hyponatremia and hyperkalemia along with polyuria and polydipsia.

2.

Answer.e. Hypoaldosteronism (Decreased secretion of aldosterone)

Explanation:

Aldosterone is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex of the kidney. Diabetes, primary adrenal insufficiency, kidney disease cause hypoaldosteronism. The person suffering from this disease shows the deficiency symptoms of aldosterone that is hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.

3.

Answer.a. Metabolic acidosis

Explanation: Metabolic acidosis is the condition, where electrolyte disorders result in an imbalance in the acid-base balance of the body, making it more acidic.

The reduced secretion of potassium leads to chronic hyperkalemia, which results in inhibition of renal ammoniagenesis. This, in turn, results in impaired synthesis of acid for excretion, and metabolic acidosis occur due to deficiency in hydrogen ions and potassium ions secretion.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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