In: Nursing
dehydration is only loss of water along with higher sodium concentration. it should not be confused with fluid volume deficit. Fluid volume deficit may occur alone or along with other deficit. there are three types of dehydration:
according to severity of dehydration, the dehyrtaion can be classified into mild dehydration, moderate dehydration, severe dehydration. symptoms will vaary according to severity of dehydrtaion. this dehydration may occur in fluid volume deficit.
according to electrolyte and water , dehydration can be classified into
hypotonic dehydration (mostly loss of electrolyte than water)
isotonic dehydration( equal proportion of loss of water and electrolyte)
hypertonic dehydration ( loss of water exceeds than electrolytes)
there is a systemwise changes occur in a patient with types of dehydration. isotonic dehydration is common type of dehydration
cardiovascular:
a weak and rapid heart rate can be heard and dropping of blood pressure, dimishes pheripheral pulses
respirtory system
increased rate of respirtaion
neuromuscular system:
weakness, tiredness
renal system
decreased urine output and concentraion of urine
skin
dry, cool, clammy skin
gastrointestinal system:
nausea, increased thirst, dimished bowel sounds,constipation,weight loss
eyes
sunken eyes depending upon severity
tongue:
dry, additional longitudinal furrows
nurse can observe the following signs and symptoms of effectiveness of hydration while the patient who is receiving IV fluid for dehydration. they are
cardiovascular system
normal palpable pulse rate and normal blood pressure, normal palpable pheripheral pulse
neuromuscular system
weakness is reduced, felt stronger, communicate normally
Renal system
increased urine output and normal concentration of urine
skin
skin becomes normal, tone increased, easitcity becomes normal
gastrointestinal system
the motility becomes normal, normal sounds, weight increased
Respirtory system
normal breath rate
the nurse can asess effectiveness of hydration by assessing level of consciouness, checking vital signs, maintaining intake and out put chart, checking of weight of the patient, assessing breath sounds, measuring central pressure monitoring, assessing tone and elasiticity of the skin, eyes, tongue..