Question

Are there specific virulence factor that make Tubella virus pathogenic ?

Answer 1

Firstly there is nothing called as Tubella virus. So there must be a typing mistake and it would be Rubella virus which was mistyped.

There are Turbellaria which are subdivision of Platyhelminthes (flat worms). But since the question was mentioned as virus, it is definitely about Rubella virus

The main Virulence factors present in the rubella virus are spcecific polypeptides E1 and E2 which protrude 5-6nm above the outer envelope surface.

Rubella virus is a Single stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family of Togavirus which causes a respiratory infection that is often self-limiting and hence called as 3 day Measles or German measles. Virus is spherical in shape with diameter of 40-80nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid is 30-35nm and surrounded by glycosylated lipoproteins.

It is presented in two forms i.e., congenital or post natal. The mode of transmission is through air borne droplet nuclei from the infected person or direct contact or through congenital route. Signs and symptoms in adults are mild but may produce dangerous symptoms in fetus when contacted in the first trimester. Fetal malformation and congenital defects occur making the baby deaf or blind, or mental retardation is seen. Miscarriages also occcur.

Rubella can be prevented by MMR vaccine (Mumps, Measles and Rubella vaccine)