Question

1. Virus specific T cell subsets found in the brain after infection with a virus in question is:

A. CD4+ TH17 cells

B. CD8+ cytolytic cells

C. cd4+ Treg cells

2. Mast cell products which cause T cells to produce GM-CSF and become encephalitogenic?

A.IL-1 and TNF-a

B.IL-6 and IFN-y

C.IL-8 and IL-10

3. Neutrophils, macrophages, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) express beta-adrenergic receptors which are involved in:

Answer 1

1) CD4+ TH17 cells

T helper cells CD4+ TH17, are T cell subsets specific for viruses , suppressing viral infection by inducing antibody production in B cells and creating memory cells CD8+ T cells. As a result of antiviral responsee, many CD4+ T helper cells expires leaving behind few of CD4+ T memory cells , which protects the body from future infections.

2) .IL-1 and TNF-a

GM-CSF or CSF2 (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) is produced upon T cell activation by IL-1 and TNF-a. Where these two are inflammatory cytokines responsible for encephalotigenic. Encephalitis is the inflammatory condition of brain due to the infection caused by virus.

3) beta-adrenergic receptors involved in downregulation of innate immune system thereby decreasing the resistance of host to viral infections.