Question

Which Medication Might Be Given. Match the ff.

____Prevent heart disease A. Atorvastatin

_____ Prevent an MI B. Oxybutynin

____Slow the progression of arthritis C. Clopidogrel

____ Prevent urinary incontinence D. Duloxetine

______Prevent rubella E. Esomeprazole

______ Lower blood pressure F. Etanercept

_____Treat neuropathy G. Montelukast

_____Treat GERD H. Pregabalin

_____Treat bipolar disorder I. Quetiapine

_____ Treat COPD J. Tiotropium

_____ Treat depression K. Valacyclovir

____Decrease symptoms of Herpes Zoster L. Valsartan

_____ Prevent bronchospasm M. MMR Vaccine

Answer 1

Answer :-

1] Prevent heart disease : Clopidogrel

2]  Prevent an MI :  A. Atorvastatin

3] Slow the progression of arthritis :  F. Etanercept

4]  Prevent urinary incontinence :  B. Oxybutynin

5] Prevent rubella : M. MMR Vaccine

6]  Lower blood pressure: L.Valsartan

7] Treat neuropathy : H. Pregabalin

8] Treat GERD : E. Esomeprazole

9] Treat bipolar disorder:  I. Quetiapine

10]  Treat COPD : J. Tiotropium

11] Treat depression :  D. Duloxetine

12] Decrease symptoms of Herpes Zoster :  K. Valacyclovir

13]  Prevent bronchospasm : G. Montelukast

EXPLANATION

Statins (eg:Atorvastatin) are an inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and are proved to have anti-inflammatory , antithrombotic and antioxidant effects. Therefore, statins are regarded as an important agent for the prevention of MI.

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in high risk individuals.

[Note : In clinical practice, both Atorvastatin and clopidogrel are used to prevent MI ].

Etanercept is a biological TNF inhibitor. In rheumatoid arthritis and some other inflammatory conditions, too much of a protein called Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) is produced by the immune system, which mediates inflammation, pain and damage to the joints. Anti-TNF drugs, such as etanercept, block TNF and reduce inflammation.

Oxybutynin is anticholinergic drug,which reduces muscle spasms of the bladder and urinary tract. Oxybutynin is used to treat symptoms of overactive bladder, such as frequent urination,urinary incontinence (urine leakage), and increased night-time urination.

The MMR vaccine is a vaccine against threee infectious diseases namely measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). The first dose is usually given to children around 9 to 15 months of age, with a second dose at 15 months to 6 years of age, with at least 4 weeks interval between the doses.

Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) used alone or in combination with other agents to treat hypertension. ARBs selectively bind to angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) and prevent the protein angiotensin II from binding and exerting its hypertensive effects, which include vasoconstriction, stimulation and synthesis of aldosterone and ADH, cardiac stimulation, and renal reabsorption of sodium .

Pregabalin subtly reduces the synaptic release of several neurotransmitters, apparently by binding to alpha2-delta subunit,an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, thus reducing neuronal excitability and seizures.

Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces the amount of hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach. Esomeprazole is used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other conditions involving excessive HCl production such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The therapeutic effects of Quetiapine might be related to the drug's ability to reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission in the mesolimbic pathway.

Tiotropium is a long-acting, antimuscarinic bronchodilator which acts mainly on M3 muscarinic receptors located in the airways to produce smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.It is used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.

Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant  (SSNRI) , used to treat major depressive disorder.

Valacyclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat the symptoms of herpes, herpes zoster (shingles) and varicella zoster (Chickenpox). Valacyclovir is converted to acyclovir by intestinal and hepatic metabolism.

It competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase to inhibit DNA synthesis and viral replication.

Montelukast is in the leukotriene receptor antagonist ,which works by blocking the action of leukotriene D4 in the lungs, resulting in decreased inflammation and relaxation of smooth muscle. Montelukast is indicated for prophylaxis and chronic treatment of Bronchial asthma.They are not useful for acute episodes of Asthma.