Question

analyzing malnutrition and how it impact the health of the aging population in worldwide.

please not handwriting

Answer 1

Malnutrition is a condition when the diet provides inadequate amount of protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals than recommended values leads to infection and other disease.

malnutrition may be dueto macronutrient and micronutrient. macronutrient deficiency is due to lack of carbohydrates, protein, fat.

micronutritentdeficiency is due o lack of intake of vitamins nd minerals

Elderly people is people who crosses age of 60 and above

Physiological changes in elderly people:

Respiratory changes: the lung capacity and function of lungs have been decreased in addition to increased anteroposterior diameter of the thoracic cavity.

Gastrointestinal changes: taste of food is decreased along with loss of teeth. Constipation is prevalent in elderly people because of delaying empty of stomach. Absorption of vitamin and minerals also decreased due to decreased secretion of acids and pepsin that taken place in gastrointestinal tract.

Nutrition: there are factors that affect the elderly people, life style habits and food determintent, physical influence factors, socioeconomic factors

Integumentary system: Increases in age, changes in occur in the body such as loss of elasticity, skin turgur, crackles, wrinkling of skin. These results are due to decreased number of subcutaneous fat, decreased number ofcapilllaries, loss of elastic fiber

Nervous system: elderly people become poor responsive, slowly reactive to environment is due to the slow in nerve conduction, and decreased function of brain

Malnutrition impact on aging population

     With advancement in technology, older people tend to live in the developed, developing countries. This is exception in cases in cases of underdeveloped countries where advanced technology is lower than other two.

Causes of malnutrition in world wide

In addition to physiological changes in the body

People tend to eat more fast foods and forget to include adequate amount of nutrition

Lower socioeconomic status: people tend to adjust with food with low nutrition due to low income

People who live alone or left alone

   Disability that makes elderly people to access for the preparation of nutrition food

  Poor communication in case altered brain function

   Life style habits and choices of food

  The diet which is available to elderly people

Health outcome of malnutrition:

1. Prone to get infection that is respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infections due to loss of antioxidant vitamins such as E, C

2. Delayed wound healing is due to reduced intake of protein

3. Osteoporosis and Fracture as a result of low calcium intake

4. Mouth ulcers is due to vitamin complex such as vitamin B12, vitamin b1, b2, b6

5. Mental disorders is due to reduced intake of thiamine and vitamins

6. Complications due to increased length of stay

7. Anemia duet o iron deficiency that cause prone to infection and increasing respiratory and cardiovascular efforts

Worldwide outcome of malnutrition

                     In developed countries like United States where people adherence to fast foods and high fat foods leads to obesity with inadequate nutrition. That causes prone to infection and higher morbidity.   Even though the developed countries has insurance scheme for elderly poor people, inadequate and disparities in health education, absence of universal health care have been found. In developing countries like India, elderly people left alone and their children migrates to developed countries to achieve income. This causes elderly people prone to choose faulty nutrition with inadequate money. Additionally if they are affected with chronic disease, this will be problem that increases mortality and morbidity. In Under developed countries like africa, they are thin, prone to infection, not strict dietary habits, prone to malnutrition

          This increases hospitalization of elderly people in hospital has been increased to 3 fold and increased mortality is due to falls and infection has been increased to 2 times. The length of hospital stay also increased due to malnutrition induced diseases apart from physiological causes and become depend on others to take care. Men are tend to live shorter than women due to personal habits such as smoking, drinks that increase respiratory system prone to infection.

therefore, Malnutrition should be identified earlier in order to avoid recurrent admission to hospitals, to decrease mortality and morbidity of elderly people, higher health cost. This can be achieved by education and screening program and bring awareness among people.