Question

1.Answer the following question based on a spiral of fatty acid catabolism:

a.What is the function of FAD in step 1 of the spiral? ---------------------------------------------------

b.Identify the type of reaction instep 2 of the spiral? ------------------------------------------------------

c.What is the function of NAD+in step 3 of the spiral? ---------------------------------------------------

d.What is the harvest of each spiral? -----------------------------------------------------------------------(note: last step is different)

e.What is different about the harvest in the last step of the spiral? --------------------------------------

2. Answer the following questions based on myristic acid (14carbons, saturated fatty acid). Draw a line bond structure of myristic acid below.

a. How many passes through the oxidation spiral will take place during metabolism?----------------

b. What is the net change in each of the following if only activationand the oxidation spiralare considered?NADH:______FADH2:_____acetyl-CoA:______ATP:_____

c. What will be the net change in each of the following once all of the acetyl-CoAfrom 2bhas moved through the citric acid cycle?Show work below.NADH:______FADH2:_______ATPor ATP eq:________

d.What will be the net change in ATP once all the reduced coenzymes have gone through the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation? Show work below.

e. What is the total ATP yield from myristc acid catabolism? ------------------------------------------------------------

3. Which term best describes electron transport chain? Use the following terms to answer a & b. Term: Diffusionfacilitated diffusion active transport.

a. H+is moved to the mitochondrial inter-membrane space from the mitochondrial matrix.----------------------------.

b.H+moves from the inter-membrane space, through ATP synthase, and into matrix.-----------------------------------.

c. How are facilitated diffusion and active transport similar and different?

d. How are diffusion and facilitated diffusion similar and different?

Answer 1

Question 1

Answer: Fatty acid are catabolized by beta-oxidation. Each cycle of beta-oxidation removes two carbon units called as acetyl coA from the fatty acid and this process continues till the fatty acid is completely oxidized. This catabolism of fatty acid is called as fatty acid spiral because the fatty acid catabolism cycles have definite beginning and end.

a.) The first step in the fatty acid spiral is oxidation where FAD acts as coenzyme and accepts electron/hydrogen from the fatty acid and form FADH2. So, FAD function as coenzyme and electron acceptor in the first step of fatty acid catabolism.

b.)The second step of spiral is a hydration reaction where Trans-delta2-enoyl CoA formed in the first reaction is converted to L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA by hydration.

c.)The third step in the fatty acid spiral is a oxidation reaction where L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA is converted to 3-ketoacyl CoA by dehydrogenation reaction. During this process, NAD+ acts as a electron acceptor and is reduced to NADH.

d.)The final step of each fatty acid spiral is cleavage of acetyl-CoA from the fatty acid. Hence, the harvest of each spiral is acetyl-CoA and a fatty acid with 2 carbon less than the original fatty acid.

e.) The last step of fatty acid catabolism is complete oxidation of fatty acid and formation of two acetyl-CoA. So, the difference between harvest of the last spiral and the end of each spiral is formation of only two Acetyl-CoA without fatty acid with 2 carbon less.