Question

In: Biology

1. Given the following fatty acids: Caproic Acid, Valeric Acid, Stearic Acid, Oleic Acid, Arachidonic Acid,...

1. Given the following fatty acids: Caproic Acid, Valeric Acid, Stearic Acid, Oleic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Cerebronic Acid, Timnodonic Acid and Cervonic Acid.

1a. Group them into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Identify the number of

carbons and number of double bonds, if present. Give their biochemical name.

1b. Arrange them based on their melting point, from lowest to highest.

1c. Which will you select as constituents of the cell membrane? Why?

Solutions

Expert Solution

Part 1a.

Saturated fatty acids
No. of carbons No. of double bonds Melting point Biochemical name
Caproic acid 6 1 -3.40C Hexanoic acid
Valeric acid 5 1 -34.50C Pentanoic acid
Stearic acid 18 1 69.30C Octadecanoic acid
Palmitic acid 17 1 62.90C Hexadecanoic acid
Cerebronic acid 24 1 101-1040C 2-Hydroxytetracosanoic acid
Unsaturated fatty acids
No.of carbon atoms No. of double bonds Melting point Biochemical name
Oleic acid 18 2 13-140C cis-9-octadecenoic acid
Arachidonic acid 20 5 -490C Eicosatetraenoic acid
Timnodonic acid 20 5 -540C Eicosapentaenoic acid
Cervonic acid 22 6 -440C Docosahexaenoic acid

Part 1b. Arrangement of the fatty acid on the basis of their melting point, from lowest to highest is given below-

Lowest melting point----------------- Timnodonic acid (-540C)

Arachidonic acid (-490C)

Cervonic acid (-440C)

Valeric acid (-34.50C)

Caproic acid (-3.40C)

Oleic acid (13-140C)

Palmitic acid (62.90C)

Stearic acid (69.30C)

Highest melting point-------------- Cerebronic acid (101-1040C)

Part 1c.

Fatty acids affect the rigidity and fluidity of a cell membrane. If a cell membrane is mainly composed of saturated fatty acids, then the membrane would be more rigid and stiff. Movement of solutes would be very less through this type of membrane. However, unsaturated fatty acids are the major constituents of a membrane, then the membrane fluidity would be more. As a result of which, movement of solutes would be very high. So, a membrane should have correct proportion of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in order to maintain its stability. Also, fatty acid constituent is dependent on the type of cell membrane. Membranes of arteries and veins require more flexibilty, so they are mainly composed of poly-unsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid.


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