Question

Identify different types of solutions we can find in everyday life and in clinical settings. Give an example. Provide explanation and/or your suggestion what, if any, chemical changes occur in the solution

Answer 1

What is a Solution?

When two or more substance mixed together to form a homogeneous mixture then it is called a Solution. If a Solute is present in an excess quantity then it is referred as concentrated solution, whereas in less amount it is diluted solution.

Types of Solution in everyday life

1. Salt water

2. Tea

3. Coffee

4. Carbonated beverages

5. Fruit Juices

6 Bleach( Sodium hyrochlorite in water)

7. Powdered drinks

8. Dishwater( Soap dissolved in water)

Types of Solution in Clinical Settings

1. Isotonic

2. Hypotonic

3. Hypertonic

Tonicity

A Semi permeable membrane is the one which isolates the osmotic pressure gradient of the two solutions. This can be mentioned as tonic or tonicity of a solution.

Semipermeable membrane

In our body all of our cells are covered with semipermeable membrane. I acts as a barrier which allows only water and not proteins, salts and fats.

Osmotic Pressure gradient

The quantity of force required for keeping water which flows beyond the membrane. To maintain the equal water content on either sides of the membrane.

Isotonic Solution

When two solutions which are beyond the semipermeable membrane, their osmotic pressure will not get altered. It is referred as Isotonic Solution. Additional benefit is the water can move freely across the membrane as the solute concentration will not get change in one or the other side. This is due to the equal amount of Solute and water present in the two solutions.

Examples:

1. Saline is isotonic to mammals and amphibians.

2. Blood Serum is isotonic to physiologic salt solution.

Hypotonic Solution

In the two solutions one of the solution's osmotic pressure is low compared to other one. That is the solute is less in water is more.

Example:

0.45% normal saline is a familiar example for hypotonic solution. It is useful in the rehydration of cells.

Hypertonic Solution

When the osmotic pressure of one solution high than the other solution . It is Hypertonic solution. The Solute concentration will be more and the water will be less.

Example:

5% dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride solution is an example for Hypertonic Solution.

Chemical change in Solutions

When a bond formed between the bonds or broken in an atom or a molecule it is a chemical change. The properties will get altered like color, taste and the melting point.

When a chemical change occur in a solution there will be a release of heat and smelly gases which gets deteriorated. There will be a growth of micro organisms which changes the taste and the color of the solution. It might happen under high temperatures. And these changes are irreversible.