Question

QUESTION 63

1. Carbon fixation occurs during the “dark reactions”. What does this mean?

		a. Sugar is oxidized to produce ATP
		b. Carbon from CO2 is attached to a larger organic molecule
		c. O2 is produced and released as a gas
		d. RuBisCO is manufactured

2 points   

QUESTION 64

1. After meiosis, human gametes are:

		a. Haploid
		b. Diploid
		c. Spores
		d. Aneuploid

2 points   

QUESTION 65

1. Leonard Hayflick noticed what about human cells grown in culture?

		a. They only divided about 50 times
		b. They divided for an indefinite amount of time
		c. They became cancerous
		d. They immediately underwent apoptosis

2 points   

QUESTION 66

1. Cellular respiration is the process by which:

		a. Oxygen is produced by animal cells
		b. Energy from the sun is stored in glucose molecules
		c. Glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and ATP
		d. DNA is replicated

2 points   

QUESTION 67

1. Cells use this molecule to temporarily store energy, such as during photosynthesis or glycolysis.

		a. Cysteine
		b. RNA
		c. Hemoglobin
		d. ATP

2 points   

QUESTION 68

1. If we know how many protons an atom has, we can tell:

		a. Its atomic mass
		b. Which element it is
		c. Its charge
		d. How many electrons it has

2 points   

QUESTION 69

1. The Hawaiian Islands contain 500 species of fruit fly which all descended from a single species in the last million years. This is an example of

		a. Artificial selection
		b. Genetic drift
		c. Adaptive radiation
		d. Coevolution

2 points   

QUESTION 70

1. An example of analogous structures in evolution are:

		a. Kangaroo teeth and cat teeth
		b. Monkey bones and whale bones
		c. Human eye and dinosaur eye
		d. Flying fish fins and butterfly wings

2 points   

QUESTION 71

1. When a gene is transcribed, what molecule is produced?

		a. mRNA
		b. Protein
		c. DNA
		d. Enzymes

2 points   

QUESTION 72

1. On Mars, humans would have difficulty growing crops. Mars has plenty of CO2, but what else do plants need for photosynthesis?

		a. Just light
		b. Water and light
		c. Light and oxygen
		d. Nitrogen and oxygen

2 points   

QUESTION 73

1. A molecule is found with a –NH3 and a –COOH group attached. What might this molecule be?

		a. An amino acid
		b. A fatty acid
		c. A sugar
		d. A nucleotide

2 points   

QUESTION 74

1. In a DNA sequence, what exactly do the letters A, C, G and T symbolize?

		a. Amino acids
		b. Sugars
		c. Bases (purines and pyrimidines)
		d. Polymerases

2 points   

QUESTION 75

1. Why do chloroplasts look green in color?

		a. They absorb green light the best
		b. They reflect green light and don’t absorb it
		c. Green light drives photosynthesis, making chloroplasts glow green
		d. Chloroplasts are actually brown

2 points   

QUESTION 76

1. Huntington’s disease is caused by a dominant allele. Angie has been tested and is heterozygous for the Huntington’s allele. Angie’s partner does not have the allele. What are the odds Angie’s children will get Huntington’s disease sometime in their life?

		a. Zero, because her partner is not a carrier
		b. 25%, because you must be HH to get the disease
		c. 50%, because half her children will inherit the affected chromosome from Angie
		d. 100%, because it is dominant, and Angie will eventually get sick

2 points   

QUESTION 77

1. An example of phenotype would be:

		a. Having two alleles for type “O” blood group
		b. Being heterozygous for sickle cell anemia
		c. Having brown eye color
		d. Having the allele for increased breast cancer risk

2 points   

QUESTION 78

1. A difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes is:

		a. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus
		b. Prokaryotes are multicellular
		c. No Eukaryotes are photosynthetic
		d. Eukaryotes lack organelles

2 points   

QUESTION 79

1. Placing a wilted lettuce leaf in cold distilled water would improve the condition of the leaf because:

		a. Plant cells prefer a hypotonic solution
		b. Plant cells prefer an isotonic solution
		c. Plant cells prefer a hypertonic solution
		d. Plant cells prefer an alkaline solution

2 points   

QUESTION 80

1. Homeopathic medicines, developed in the 1800s, have failed in every controlled clinical trial to date. Practitioners often say they fail because the researchers did not “believe” in the treatment, and testimonials from patients are more relevant. What do these things tell us about the status of homeopathy in evidence-based medicine?

		a. Homeopathy cannot be considered an effective treatment for anything
		b. We can’t tell whether it works
		c. Thousands of people have used homeopathy since the 1800s so it must be effective
		d. Practitioners of homeopathy know best whether it is effective

2 points   

QUESTION 81

1. Which structures are found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?

		a. Ribosomes
		b. Nucleus
		c. Mitochondria
		d. Central vacuoles

2 points   

QUESTION 82

1. To get a high rate of evolutionary change, you need mutations and:

		a. Strong selection pressure
		b. High survival of offspring
		c. Sexual reproduction
		d. Low rate of reproduction

2 points   

QUESTION 83

1. By comparing the genetic sequence of HIV to primate viruses from all over Africa, HIV has a sequence most similar to:

		a. Green monkey SIV
		b. Chimpanzee SIV
		c. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
		d. Ebola virus

2 points   

QUESTION 84

1. What is the function of the “stop” codons?

		a. A special loaded tRNA binds to the mRNA at the stop codon
		b. No more amino acids are added starting with that codon
		c. Transcription stops and the “stop” codon is the final triplet at the end of the mRNA
		d. No more mRNAs will bind to that ribosome

Answer 1

QUESTION 63

1. Carbon fixation occurs during the “dark reactions”. What does this mean?

		a. Sugar is oxidized to produce ATP-incorrect because oxidation of sugar to produce ATP occurs in the process of respiration
		b. Carbon from CO2 is attached to a larger organic molecule- correct because in the Carbon fixation process, Carbon molecule associates with 5 C molecule i.e. Ribulose bis-phosphate to form a 6 C molecule that later on dissociates into 2 molecules of 3C atoms.
		c. O2 is produced and released as a gas- incorrect because Oxygen evolution takes place in light reaction of the photosynthesis, not in the dark (carbon fixation) reaction.
		d. RuBisCO is manufactured- RuBisCO regeneration is the last step of the Calvin cycle but this is not the actual process for carbon fixation.

QUESTION 64

1. After meiosis, human gametes are:

		a. Haploid- Correct, due to meiotic division the gametes become haploid in nature and this haploidy is essential to maintain the integrity of chromosome in human cells.
		b. Diploid- Incorrect, haploidy is essential to maintain the integrity of the chromosome in human cells.
		c. Spores- incorrect, these are formed in members belonging to plant kingdom.
		d. Aneuploid- incorrect, it is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes and it occurs only due to error while mitotic/meiotic division in the cells.

QUESTION 65

1. Leonard Hayflick noticed what about human cells grown in culture?

		a. They only divided about 50 times- Correct, it was observed during the experiment that human cells stopped dividing after about 50 cell population doublings and after that, they continued metabolizing.
		b. They divided for an indefinite amount of time-Incorrect, cells do not divide for infinite time, this might happen only in cancerous cells.
		c. They became cancerous- Incorrect, his experiment depicted that human cells stopped dividing after about 50 cell population doublings and this condition could not be cancerous.
		d. They immediately underwent apoptosis- as the cells kept on metabolizing and when cells undergo apoptosis there is no metabolism process.

QUESTION 66

1. Cellular respiration is the process by which:

		a. Oxygen is produced by animal cells- Incorrect, Animals do not produce oxygen, and respiration process involves the consumption of oxygen.
		b. Energy from the sun is stored in glucose molecules- Incorrect, The storage of energy in glucose takes place during the process of photosynthesis
		c. Glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and ATP- Correct, During cellular respiration glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and the energy released during the breakdown of glucose is stored in the form of ATP.
		d. DNA is replicated- Incorrect, DNA replication is not the part of respiration.