Question

Homoplasies are __.

Similarities caused by shared retention of an ancestral trait

Shared modified versions of traits

Similarities that emerge from similar solutions to similar environments

Unshared modified versions of traits

What is the correct term to describe a homologous similarity that retains the ancestral form?

Apomorphy

Homology

Plesiomorphy

synapomorphy

DNA is composed of which of the following three major units:

nucleotide bases, sugars, and phosphates

organelles, chemicals, and membranes

chromosomes, diploids, and sodium

cytoplasm, plants, and cell walls

Alveolar processes can be found in the Maxillae and which other bone?

Anthropology is divided into numerous “specialties” known as “subdisciplines.” In addition to biological anthropology, the subdisciplines also include all but one of the following. Select the answer that is NOT a topic of one of the subdisciplines of anthropology.

Linguistics

Culture

Archaeology

Geology

The mineral component of bone is known as __.

Homology

Hydrophone

Hydroxyapatite

Hydration

The femur (bone of the thigh) is a(n) ___ bone.

Irregular

Tabular

Unimportant

Long

Name two of the other three mechanisms of evolution.

(Just the names)

You can expect to find the Coronal suture _.

Immediately anterior to the parietals

Immediately posterior to the occipital

Immediately lateral to the Temporal bones

Immediately inferior to the slice of lime on a bottle of imported beer

36% of your study population are homozygous recessive for fingernail growth rate. Using the Harvey Weinberg equilibrium equations (P+Q = 1 and P2+2PQ+Q2 = 1), calculate the frequency of homozygous dominants and heterozygotes in your population. You may use a calculator.

"Lumbar vertebrae" is the name we give to those vertebrae that are only found in ___.

The neck

The chest

The lower back

Archaeological excavations

Mother is homozygous dominant for black hair, father is homozygous recessive for red hair. Which of the following is correct (assuming a simple Mendelian gene?

All of the offspring will have the dark hair phenotype

All of the offspring will have the heterozygous genotype

One in four children will have red hair

Both A and B are correct

The iliac crest is __

A sharp ridge of bone at the top of the cranium in some primates (e.g. gorillas)

A ridge of bone on the superior margin of the pelvic bones

A sand dune ridge where the famous “Lucy” skeleton was discovered

The preferred toothpaste of 4 out of 5 anthropologists: Iliac Crest, it fights cavities and freshens breath

Darwin found that individuals with some traits are more likely to reproduce than individuals with other variants. He called this process:

The inheritance of acquired traits

The Great Chain of Being

The principle of superposition

The principle of natural selection

An “allele” is defined as __.

One of the variant versions of a gene

A trait that has been modified from its ancestral form

A trait that retains the same form that was present in the shared ancestor of two or more taxa

A disadvantageous trait that will prevent reproduction and not be passed along to the next generation

Sometimes a “copying error” occurs during DNA replication, which results in offspring having a specific genetic sequence that was not present in either of the parents. The term ___ is used to describe those copying errors.

Genetic drift

Great chain of being

Homoplasy

Mutation

According to Linnaean Taxonomy, all humans are

Animals

Primates

Homo sapiens

All of the above

Some traits are similar between different species, and taxonomists describe some of those similarities as “plesiomorphic.” By this term, taxonomists mean _

The trait has been changed in one or the other of the species since the time that they last shared an ancestor in common

The trait has remained the same in one or the other of the species since the time that they last shared an ancestor in common

The trait is not dominant, and will eventually disappear from the population

The trait is interfering with reproductive success, and will disappear from the population very soon

The best guide to determining how closely related two or more species are is the abundance of __

Symplesiomorphies

Synapomorphies

Synesthesia

Attempts at mating

“Evolution” is often wildly misunderstood in the popular media. Notions such as Lamarck’s “inheritance of acquired traits” and radical change during the course of one’s life (e.g. “The X-Men” or Pokemon) are common, but inaccurate understandings of what evolution actually is. Over the past several weeks, we have discussed evolution in more detail. How has your understanding of evolution changed over the past several weeks?

(Note: there is no way to get this question “wrong” other than by not answering it. If you tell me what you thought evolution was about a month ago, and what you think it is about now, and how those two viewpoints differ, you will get the full points.)

Answer 1

Homoplasies are " Similarities caused by shared retention of an ancestral trait"

Example is evolution of eye. the genes for vision are retained by the species and the eye evolved independently in each genus.

What is the correct term to describe a homologous similarity that retains the ancestral form? - Synapomorphy

Synapomorphy is a similar character shared by the desendents of a common ancestor.

DNA is composed of which of the following three major units: Nucleotide bases, sugar and phosphate

The nucleotide bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. Sugar is deoxyribose and the phosphate.

Alveolar processes can be found in the Maxillae and which other bone? - Alveloar process is also found in mandible. It is the socket which holds the tooth.

Anthropology is divided into numerous “specialties” known as “subdisciplines.” In addition to biological anthropology, the subdisciplines also include all but one of the following. Select the answer that is NOT a topic of one of the subdisciplines of anthropology. Answer is ""Geology"'. Geology is the study of Earth (particularly the rocks, soils etc)

The mineral component of bone is known as __ Hydroxyapatite (it is the naturally occuring form of calcium in the bone)

Multiple questions cannot be answered at a time. please post remaining questions separately. thank you.