Describe one mechanism of bacterial resistance to the following antibiotics: a) penicillin b) rifampin

Describe one mechanism of bacterial resistance to the following antibiotics:

a) penicillin

b) rifampin

Solutions

Expert Solution

Mechanism of bacterial resistance to penicillin

Hydrolysis of penicillin antibiotic by the bacteria is the most common mechanism of resistance
Hydrolysis of penicillin is mediated by the enzyme beta-lactamase.
Beta-lactamase gene may be present in the chromosome or plasmid
Beta-lactamase gene can be induced by the exposure of beta-lactam drugs.
Penicillinase encoded by extended spectrum β-Lactamase” ( plasmid-encoded ESBL) also can hydrolyze penicillins

Mechanism of bacterial resistance to rifampin

Rifampin inhibit the DNA depandant RNA polymerase activity in bacterial cells
The main mechanism of resistance to Rifampin by bacteria is by mutations of the rpoB (RNA polymerase B) gene
Eg. in E.coli, mutation occur at the amino acid residue 516 (aspartic acid to valine) of the rpoB polypeptide
In Mycobacterium the mutation occur at residue 531 (Serine to Leucine) of the rpoB polypeptide
These mutations make the RNA polymerase insensitive to rifampin and bacteria survives

gladiator answered 1 year ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

a) Penicillin mechanism of Action b) Penicillin Indications c) Penicillin Contraindications

Part II – Resistance Among the first antibiotics used on a large scale was penicillin, which...

Part II – Resistance Among the first antibiotics used on a large scale was penicillin, which was discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming. It was finally isolated and synthesized in large quantities in 1943. Penicillin works by interfering with the bacterial cell wall synthesis. Without a cell wall, the bacterial cells cannot maintain their shape in changing osmotic conditions. This puts significant selective pressure on the microbes to evolve, as they cannot survive the osmotic stress. Any microbe that can resist...

Describe how bacterial DNA transfer from one cell to the others. b) How does penicillin kill...

Describe how bacterial DNA transfer from one cell to the others. b) How does penicillin kill bacteria? C) why E.coli Lac operon is an inducible regulation and catabolic pathway? please help with this genetics hw question it is timed for 35 minutes left anything helps even if it is just 1 a and 1 c i kinda know b

Take some examples to describe the mechanism of antibiotics.

Describe the most common targets of antibiotics in the bacterial cell.

1. why might some antibiotics show greater evidence of bacterial resistance than others? 2. do any...

1. why might some antibiotics show greater evidence of bacterial resistance than others? 2. do any of the results obtained suggest that bacterial genes that confer resistance to certain antibiotics also work against chemically similar antibiotics? 3. Staphylococcus epidermidis is gernally not considered a harmful species of bacteria; in fact, it may be beneficial to humans to have this organism living on our skin. even so, why should we be concerned that this species shows resistance to a variety of...

Bacterial enzymes participate in the construction of the bacterial cell wall. Penicillin targets these enzymes and...

Bacterial enzymes participate in the construction of the bacterial cell wall. Penicillin targets these enzymes and interferes with: A. the channels in the cell's internal structure. B. protein synthesis. C. bacterial DNA. D. the addition of cross-links to the cell wall.

3a. Describe two characteristics that antibiotics commonly share using the peptidoglycan-inhibiting drug penicillin as a specific...

3a. Describe two characteristics that antibiotics commonly share using the peptidoglycan-inhibiting drug penicillin as a specific example. b. Would you predict that penicillin would be bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? Would it therefore be an effective antibiotic for a patient with a poor immune system? Explain why. Answer both questions thoroughly and completely.

Probenecid is sometimes used along with penicillin antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin) to increase antibiotic blood levels.

Combined Drug Responses/ Drug to Drug reactions Probenecid is sometimes used along with penicillin antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin) to increase antibiotic blood levels. This increase makes the antibiotic work better at treating certain infections. Probenecid has no antimicrobial activity and works by decreasing the kidneys' ability to remove the antibiotic from the body, thereby increasing the effect of the antibiotic. How would you describe this drug to drug interaction? Explain?

Subjects