Probenecid is sometimes used along with penicillin antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin) to increase antibiotic blood levels.

Combined Drug Responses/ Drug to Drug reactions

Probenecid is sometimes used along with penicillin antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin) to increase antibiotic blood levels. This increase makes the antibiotic work better at treating certain infections. Probenecid has no antimicrobial activity and works by decreasing the kidneys' ability to remove the antibiotic from the body, thereby increasing the effect of the antibiotic. How would you describe this drug to drug interaction? Explain?

Solutions

Expert Solution

The pharmacokinetics of penicillin antibiotics is mainly dominated by rapid renal excretion.

as soon as the drug reaches the systemic circulation it is filtered and excreted by kidney.

kidney eliminates penicillin mainly by two mechanisms. a) glomerular filteration b) tubular secretion.

about 10% of the drug is eliminated via glomerular filteration, rest 90% of the drug is excreted by tubular secretion into the tubular lumen of nephrons by an organic acid transporter protein(OATP).

thus due to this reason the plasma half life of penicillin is just 30 minutes.

but when the penicillin is combined with probenecid, its plasma half life increases because the probenecid blocks the OATP through which the penicillin is excreted out into the tubular lumen. As a result of which the excretion of penicillin is slowed down which helps in mainting a greater concentration of drug in plasma for a greater time.

thus the desirable action is used in giving single dose therapy of penicillin.

Nightingale answered 1 year ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

Part II – Resistance Among the first antibiotics used on a large scale was penicillin, which...

Part II – Resistance Among the first antibiotics used on a large scale was penicillin, which was discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming. It was finally isolated and synthesized in large quantities in 1943. Penicillin works by interfering with the bacterial cell wall synthesis. Without a cell wall, the bacterial cells cannot maintain their shape in changing osmotic conditions. This puts significant selective pressure on the microbes to evolve, as they cannot survive the osmotic stress. Any microbe that can resist...

Discuss antibiotic usage in farm animals, including: initial usage, purpose, unintended benefit, percentage of antibiotics used...

Discuss antibiotic usage in farm animals, including: initial usage, purpose, unintended benefit, percentage of antibiotics used and long-term consequences.Eukaryotic Parasites

The germline mutation rates tend to increase along with higher H3K9me3 levels (a type of histone)....

The germline mutation rates tend to increase along with higher H3K9me3 levels (a type of histone). Please support this with specific examples (ie genes that have high germline mutation rates and have high H3K9me3 levels)

Levels of indicator microorganisms (e.g., E. coli) commonly increase in drinking water distribution lines as the...

Levels of indicator microorganisms (e.g., E. coli) commonly increase in drinking water distribution lines as the water gets farther away from the point of disinfection. Why does this occur? Explain the importance of functional redundancy with respect to soil and water microbial communities.

Controls of the same type in case-control studies are sometimes used to increase the power of...

Controls of the same type in case-control studies are sometimes used to increase the power of the study. True False

A decrease in blood pressure will trigger Select one: a. Renin levels to increase b. Aldosterone...

A decrease in blood pressure will trigger Select one: a. Renin levels to increase b. Aldosterone levels to increase c. ADH levels to increase d. All of the above e. None of the above

Most of these fatty acids increase blood cholesterol levels by raising LDL cholesterol These fatty acids...

Most of these fatty acids increase blood cholesterol levels by raising LDL cholesterol These fatty acids raise LDL cholesterol while reducing beneficial HDL cholesterol These fatty acids generally lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol These fatty acids will lower LDL cholesterol, but in some people, they may also cause a decrease in beneficial HDL cholesterol MATCHING Trans Polyunsaturated Monounsaturated Saturated

I need answer for b) High blood cholesterol levels increase the risk of heart disease. Young...

I need answer for b) High blood cholesterol levels increase the risk of heart disease. Young women are generally less afflicted with high cholesterol than other groups. The cholesterol levels for women aged 20 to 34 years follow an approximately normal distribution with mean 185 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) and standard deviation 39 mg/dl. a) Cholesterol levels above 240 mg/dl demand medical attention. What percent of young women have levels above 240 mg/dl? b) Among a random sample of 150...

Which organ releases the hormone used to regulate blood sugar levels? What are the two main...

Which organ releases the hormone used to regulate blood sugar levels? What are the two main functions of this organ? Pancreas; produce digestive enzymes; produce insulin Pituitary gland; regulate hormone availability in the body; growth hormone Pancreas; regulate hormone availability in the body; produce thyroid hormone Pituitary gland; produce digestive enzymes; produce insulin Which gland regulates hormone secretion levels whereby the body does not over-secrete or under-secrete specific hormones. This gland helps in maintaining hormonal homeostasis within the body. Thyroid...

26.What does your body use to increase blood glucose levels if you haven't eaten recently and...

26.What does your body use to increase blood glucose levels if you haven't eaten recently and you are engaged in a lot of activity (e.g. playing sports)? Muscle proteins Lipids stored in your fat cells Glycogen stored in your liver Insulin stored in your pancreas None of the above 27. Homeostasis regulation includes which of the following? Temperature Water and solutes Blood pH Sugar levels All of the above 28. Organisms that rely on behavior and the environment for regulating...

Subjects