Question

Take some examples to describe the mechanism of antibiotics.

Answer 1

INTRODUCTION

- Antibiotics is a chemical substances ,which is used to destruct the growth or multiplication of pathogenic organisms like bacteria,virus,fungus,protozoa etc and is used to treat many microbial infections

The main features of antibiotics are ;

-bacteristatic-is the process of preventing further growth of an organisms

-bactericidal-is the process of killing the microrganisms

  -narrow spectrum-have less effects

   -broad spectrum-have broad or large effects

MECHANISM OF ACTION

-It is defined as the process of producing pharmacological effects

-It is a biological process on cell growth,reproduction and multiplications

TYPES OF MECHANISM OF ACTION

Mechanism of actions are depends on the following factors;

-HORMONAL CHANGES

-TYPES OF DISEASES

-TYPES OF PATHOGENS

-ROUTES OF ENTRY

-TISSUE FACTORS OR CELLULAR FACTORS

TYPES

-INHIBITION OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS

-The features inhibition of cell wall synthesis are;

-can not able to produce new cell wall

-destruction of cytoplasm

-inability to multiply

-lose of control over its shapes ,size and structures

-may cause cell death

-The main examples of antibiotics may cause inhibition of cell wall synthesis;

-pencillins

-cephalosporins

-vancomycins

-There are two types of bacterial wall synthesis ;

-gram-positive cell wall

-gram negative cell wall

  

-INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

1-Aminoglycocides

- is a group of antibiotics used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections

-the main examples are streptomycin,kanamycin,neomycin

-the main mechanism of actions includes production of faulty proteins and inhibition of protein synthesis

2-Chloramphenicol

-is a drug under broad -spectrum antibiotics

-the drug of choice is erythromycin

-the main mechanism of actions are prevents the formation of peptide bonds and and prevents the continuation of protein synthesis

-INHIBITION OF MEMBRANE FUNCTIONS

1-lipopeptides

- is adrug used to treat gram-positive bacterial infection

-drug of choice is daptomycin

-the mechanism of actions includes;

-alter normal structure of cell membranes

-disruption of osmotic process

-leakage of cellular molecules

-inhibition of cell wall respiration

-increased water uptake ,so leads to cell death

   -INHIBITION OF NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS

1-quinolones

- is drug used to treat gram negative pathogens

-exaples for quinolones are ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,norfloxacin

-mechanism of actions includes;

- disruption of DNA replication

-inhibition of DNA synthesis

-alter the repairing of DNA  

2-anti-fungal agents

-used to treat fungal infections

-examples re miconazole,clotrimazole etc

-mechanism of actions includes ;

-inhibition of metabolic pathways

-inhibition of bacterial folate synthesis