Question

1. Identify occupational health hazards for student nurses.

2. Identify all possible factors that might influence health then take one factor and conduct an in-depth analysis of potential health effects.

3. Describe how the health disruption might be prevented and list all possible interventions.

Answer 1

Answer 1. OCCUPATION HEALTH HAZARD FOR STUDENT NURSES-

* As Student nurses also works in the hospital and in hospital there are many patients who have different kind of diseases.

So if students nurses dont use protective equipment during care they may infected themselves and causing health hazard to them.

* Students nurses while practicing injection technique they can got needl stick injury and may harm themselves.

*Nursing students face numerous occupational health hazards as qualified nurses face during their work.
*In particular, nursing students may be experiencing stress and anxiety and exposed to occupational hazards due to their underdeveloped abilities, lack of knowledge, and other professional health professionals in the clinical setting.
* Like qualified nurses, nursing students are exposed to violence from verbal/nonverbal to physical violence by fellow students, faculty or hospital staff, patients, and patients’ relatives in surgical clinical settings.
* It is also reported that nursing students are exposed to patient infections as a result of stab wounds and needle stinging.
* Dermatitis, often caused by washing hands and wearing gloves, is another occupational situation experienced by nursing students.
* Nursing students, like qualified nurses, face difficulties with transport, carry of patient and equipment and musculoskeletal disorders.
* Nurse students face difficulties in safe handling practices in clinical situations; some nursing students have experienced severe low back pain due to lifting and bending characteristics.
* Because of contact with hand antiseptic/latex, skin irritation, and burning eyes, nose, and throat, allergy symptoms were detected.
* Student nurse also contact with blood and body fluids of the patient while taking vital sign and other practical practice with patients that prone them to get infection.

ANSWER 2. FACTOR THAT INFLUENCE HEALTH-

Many factors influence the health of an individual. An individual is physically and mentally should be healthy. There are many factors that influence Physical and mental health of an individual.
Some factor are-
• Education
• income
• housing
• access to health care
• spiritual and religious values
• Gender
• Early childhood social and physical environment
• Individual behaviour
• Biology and genetics
• Social factor
• Policy making

Social Factors-

Social determinants of health reflect the social factors and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work, and age. Also known as social and physical determinants of health, they impact a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes.

Examples of social determinants include:

Availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job opportunities, living wages, or healthful foods
Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination
Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the presence of trash
Social support and social interactions
Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies, such as the Internet or cell phones
Socioeconomic conditions, such as 1.concentrated poverty
2. Quality schools
3. Transportation options
4. Public safety
5. Residential segregation

Examples of physical determinants include:

1. Natural environment, such as plants, weather, or climate change
2. Built environment, such as buildings or transportation
3. Worksites, schools, and recreational settings
4. Housing, homes, and neighborhoods
5. Exposure to toxic substances and other physical hazards
6. Physical barriers, especially for people with disabilities
7. Aesthetic elements, such as good lighting, trees, or benches
8. Poor health outcomes are often made worse by the interaction between individuals and their social and physical environment.

For example,
millions of people in the United States live in places that have unhealthy levels of ozone or other air pollutants. In counties where ozone pollution is high, there is often a higher prevalence of asthma in both adults and children compared with state and national averages. Poor air quality can worsen asthma symptoms, especially in children.

ANSWER 3. Health disruption can be prevented by the following measure-

• By providing proper health facilities to all individuals
• By providing economic safety to the residents of society
• Immunization of the children and older from infectious disease.
• By providing education to all the people irrespective to gender, sex and race.
• By making proper health policy for all the people of society.
• Screening refers to the practice of testing a set of individuals who meet a certain criteria (such as age, sex, or sexual activity) for a disease or disorder. Many forms of screening are public health interventions. For example, mothers are routinely screened for HIV and Hepatitis B during pregnancy.
• Supplementation of food or water of nutrients can reduce vitamin deficiency and other diseases. Supplementation may be required by law or voluntary.
• Some examples of interventions include:

- Iodised salt to prevent goitre.
- Folic acid in wheat flour to prevent spina bifida, a birth defect.
- Flouridated water to prevent tooth decay.
Vitamin D milk to prevent rickets.