Question

Week Four Discussion

1. Identify occupational health hazards for student nurses.

2 Identify all possible factors that might influence health then take one factor and conduct an in-depth analysis of potential health effects.

Answer 1

1)Occupational hazards are risks of illnesses or accidents in the workplace. in other words, hazards that workers experience in their place of work. an occupational hazard is something unpleasant that a person experiences or suffers as a result of doing their job.

Nurses confront potential exposure to infectious diseases, toxic substances, back injuries, and radiation. they also are subject to hazards such as stress, shift work, and violence in the workplace. these typically fall under the broad categories of chemical , biological, physical, and psychosocial hazards.

The vast majority of nurses experience persistent job -related pain, on average, the nurses reported musculoskeletal pain, lowback pain, knee pain,etc.. most of the pain and injuries are due to lifting and moving patients manually.

work overload and stress are other factors that threaten the health of nurses and can cause burnout and fatique, working 3 shits,in difficult settings such as oncology or emergency wards, and caring of incurable patients put a considerable psychologic, spiritual, and physical pressures on nurses. as a result, fatigue is common in nurses.

communicable and contagious diseases and exposure to blood -borne pathogens(HIV, HCV, HBV) , Corona, due to needle - stick injuries also threaten the health of nurses.

Chemical materials are other hazardous sources to nurses. disinfectants and sterlity products such as glutaraldehyde and ethlene oxide, hazardous drug such as drugs that are used during chemotherapy, and latex exposure are among other occupational hazards for nurses.

nurses, especially in emergency department, continue to experience high rates of on the job violence, some nurses association reported some times they are experiencing verbal abuse, and physical violence also.
these occupational hazards along with many other problems such as night shifs and sleep deprivation have changed nursing to a dangerous occupation that may explain the high rate of stoping the work in nursing. some interventions including greater access to patient lifting and transfer devices and more use of safe needle devices can improve the situation. every health care setting should address this important issue and give priority to the safety of nurses.

2)There are many different factors that can affect our health, these including things like housing, financial security, community safety, employment, education and the environment, these are known as the wider determinants of health.

factors influencing health,-*biological factors *environmental factors *psychological factors * *pathogenic micro- organisms, biologic heriditory factors(genetics) other factors, age, gender, growth& development *A natural environment B.social environment C. Lifestyle. *Air pollution, climate, water pollution, soil pollution, radiation, noise. *political and economic system in the society, cultural system. *income and social status, education *emotions, feelings, psychological function *biologic dimension, mind body interactions *psychologic dimension, life style, spiritual and religious beliefs *environment- standars of living , family and cultural beliefs, social support networks.

in recent years, social scientists and social epdemiologists have turned their attention to a growing range of social and cultural variables as antecedents of health. these variables includeSES, race/ethnicity, gender, and sex roles, immigration status and accultration, poverty, and deprivation, social networks and social support, and the psychosocial work environment, in addition to aggregate characteristics of the social environments such as the distribution of income, social cohesion, social capital, and collective efficacy, comprehensive surveys of current areas of research in the social determinants of health can found,  

SES-and health; An association between SES and health has been recognized for centuries, socioeconomic defferences in health are large, persistent, and widerspread across different societies and for a diverse range of health outcomes. in the social sciences, aSES has been measured by three different indicators, taken either seperately or incombination, educational attaintment, income, and occupational status. although these measures are moderately correlated, each captures distinctive aspects of social position, and each potentiallt is related to health behaviors through distinct mechanisms.