Question

a. In your own words, describe one major discovery between 1830 and 1960 that contributed to our understanding of genetics (consider; date, the scientist/s, experiment leading to the discovery, significance and applications of the discovery, etc) (Not more than 200 words)

b. Describe the structure of DNA and explain how the knowledge of the structure and replication of DNA is applied in DNA sequencing techniques (Not more than 200 words)

Answer 1

A)- the work was done by Gregor Johann Mendel who was born in Austria( now Czech republic ) he worked on pea plants between the year 1856 to 1863 .he used 7 traits in pea plant which were height,seed shape,flower colour, seed colour , folowr position , pod shape , pod colour .due to his work in genetics he is called as father of genetics and if his discovery was not done then the genetics we know would be 50 years behind the current genetics knowledge .

B)-DNA is composed of 3 parts- nitrogen base, ribose sugar , phosphate they combine together to make helical structure of DNA , in which nitrogen base makes the stairs of the helical and sugar and phosphate are the backbone of the DNA . by knowing the structure of DNA we found about base pairing how the dna replicates and how base pairs are arranged . This is used in DNA sequencing technique as the bases of RNA primer or DNA primer where will it get attached and from where the replication would initiate all of this is based on DNA structure knowledge and it's constituents.