Question

1) In your own words, describe and give an example of four major types of chemical bonds: including ionic bonds, covalent bonds, polar bonds, and hydrogen bonds?

2) After learning about chemical bonds, explain how ice forms and why ice floats?

Answer 1

1.

A. Ionic bonds are formed due to electrostatic attraction between the ions which are oppositely charged for example sodium chloride has ionic bonds as sodium has positive charge whereas chloride had negative charge because of which they both attract each other and forms ionic bond.

B. Covalent bond is formed when electron pair is shared between atoms. Example of covalent bond is water molecule where sharing of electron occurs between atoms.

C. Polar bonds are actually covalent bonds but with unequal distribution of electrons in the bond. Thus a slight electrical diploe moment arises which results in firmament of one slight positive and other slight negative end. Example of polar bond is water which has polar covalent bond.

D. Hydrogen bonds are formed by a weak electrostatic attraction. It develops when a hydrogen bond to a strong electronegative atom on one side and exits in the vicinity of another highly electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons. Water is an excellent example of this bond where hydrogen atom of the water molecule is bound to the oxygen atom of another water molecule.