Question

Q1: Define:

• PCR----------------------------------------------------------------
• CFU----------------------------------------------------------------
• OD₆₀₀ ---------------------------------------------------------------
• Gel electrophoresis -----------------------------------------------
• ATP---------------------------------------------------------------
• Extreme thermophilic bacterium -----------------------------
• Catalase Test ----------------------------------------------------
• β-galactosidase------------------------------------------------
• Fermentation ----------------------------------------------------
• Lytic phage--------------------------------------------------

Answer 1

1. Polymerase chain reaction is the method which used to rapidly make millions of copies of DNA with in very small time period. 1 billions copies of DNA can be synthesized after 30 PCR cycles.
2. CFU is the unit which is used in microbiology to determine number of viable bacterial cells and fungal cells in given sample.
3. OD600 is the optical density of measured sample at 600 nm. It generally used in spectrophotometer to estimate concentration of molecule, bacteria or other cells in solution or liquid.
4. Gel electrophoresis is the separation technique of biomolecules on the basis of charge, density, molecular weight, size etc in presence of electric field.
5. ATP is the important molecule occurs in all living thing and provide energy to various biochemical processes such as active transport, protein synthesis, urea cycle etc. So it called energy currency of cell.
6. Bacteria which adopted to high temperature habitat such hot water springs called extreme thermophilic bacterium. For thermous aquatics is the example of extreme thermophilic bacterium which occurs in hot water.
7. Catalase test perform to exposed oxygen in living organism. Catalase capitalized the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
8. Beta galactosidase is catalyzed the breakdown of lactose in galactose and glucose.
9. Fermentation is the breakdown process of of large molecule orsubstance in to simple molucule under anaerobic condition. Yeast, bacteria generally play important role in fermentation processes such creating bear, bread, kimchi yogurt, alcohol, vinegar etc.
10. Lytic phage is a one two life cycle of bacteriophage in which it take over cellular machinery ot make the bacteriophage components.