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A 30 year old male patient who was a contractor and building inspector in Texas complained...

A 30 year old male patient who was a contractor and building inspector in Texas complained of difficulty breathing and was admitted to the Texas Health Harris Methodist Hospital Alliance with severe respiratory disease. The Physician noted a high fever and cough. Two days before, the patient had inspected an old warehouse, abandoned and infested with rodents. The patient was given intravenous antibiotics, but 2 days into therapy the pneumonia worsened and he developed pulmonary edema.

a) Which organism should be suspected of causing this illness?

b) What are the conditions under which Gram positive bacteria can appear Gram negative?

c) Outline the steps involved in gram staining.

d) Why is testing for rhesus (Rh) antigens and antibodies different from ABO testing?

Solutions

Expert Solution

a. Ans: Viruses, bacteria, and fungi can all cause pneumonia. In the United States, common causes of viral pneumonia are influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. A common cause of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

b. Ans: TheConditions When Gram Positive Bacteria Can Appear Gram Negative. When over-decolourized by either prolonged exposure to decolourizer or using acetone alone. When cell wall gets damaged by exposure to lysozyme or cell wall acting antibiotics such as Penicillin.

c. Ans: Summary of Gram stain

Application of

1.Primary dye /reagent- crystal violet / gram positive colour-purple/gram negative colour- purple

2.Trapping agent/ reagent- iodine/gram positive colour- purple /gram negative colour-purple

3.Decolorizer/ reagent- alcohol/acetone/ gram positive colour- purple/ gram negative colour-colorless

4.Counter stain /reagent- safranin/carbol fuchsin /gram positive colour-purple /gram negative colour-pink

d. Ans: One difference between the Rhesus system and the ABO group system is that Rh negative people don't usually possess antibodies against RhD , whereas in the ABO group system if the antigen is absent from the red blood cell, the antibody against it is present in the plasma.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago
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