Question

Animal Physiology. Compare and contrast the factors that influence energy use (i.e. field and standard / basal metabolic rates) in birds, mammals, and invertebrates.

(A) Consider how Anna’s hummingbird and green anole lizards in Louisiana use energy. Use a point-by-point essay to compare and contrast the effects of (i) body size, and (ii) thermoregulatory strategy (endothermy/ectothermy & homeothermy/ heterothermy) on energy use in these two animals.
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(B) Consider how bats in the Australian summer and winter clusters of bees in the Austrian winter use energy. Use a point-by-point essay to compare and contrast the effects of (i) ambient temperature, and (ii) thermoregulatory strategy (endothermy/ectothermy & homeothermy/ heterothermy) on energy use in these two animals.

Answer 1

A) the body size of annas humming bird is medium. they are 10 cm length, wingspan of 12 cm and weight between 3-6 kg. males have usually green upper parts and grey under the body. whole lizards are small than humming bird. they are 4 - 8 cm length and it is varying. females are smaller than male. they are 23-25 cm long. they are 2-6 kg in weight. both animals have a same range of weights. lizard have tail that is more long than its body. humming bird have body temperature of 40-42 degree celsius. they try to maintain Thiers high body temperature. temperature varies opto 14 degree celsius. they eat lot constantly . Their body weight is due to sugar Consumption everyday. they one Of the highest of endothermic in the world. unlike humming bird, lizards are showing highest temperature at light phase and lower Temperature in dark hours. it is called diurnal periodicity. they are ectotherms .they are using a economic metabolic processes. they are depending on Environmental heat source otherwise they have low internal temperature.

B) the bats are maintaining the temperature between 37- 41.5 degree celsius. at active condition they are Maintaining the body 40 degree celsius. the bees are cold blooded. the hive maintain the temperature high keep the colony alive. the bees are active 13 degree at half foraging and 19 degree celsius at full foraging. they are hetero thermic intensely . they are endothermic in foraging , guarding activity, attack of insect enemy and of large mammalian predators they become endothermic.