Animal Physiology Questions 1. How do decreases in PCO2, pH, temperature and organic phosphate modulators (i.e....

Animal Physiology Questions

1. How do decreases in PCO2, pH, temperature and organic phosphate modulators (i.e. 2,3-DPG) shift the oxygen equilibrium curve of animals? If the oxygen equilibrium curve shifts to the right, how does that change an animal’s P50? How does it change its oxygen affinity?

2. We talked about a diversity of respiratory strategies used by animals in class. One of the main differences between fish & frogs compared to reptiles, and mammals was that fish and frogs use buccal pumps and reptiles and mammals use suction pumps. How do buccal and suction pumps differ (please refer to where volume and pressure is changed and how it moves the respiratory medium through the respiratory system)? Explain how frogs use buccal pumps and mammals use suction pumps to ventilate their lungs. Birds use a modified pump system - how is this pump system of the bird different from mammals?

Expert Solution

Answer 1:

Answer 2: Buccal pump respiration is a method of ventilation that is used in respiration in which the animal moves the floor of its mouth in a rhythmic manner which is extremely apparent. The main methodology is the sole of inflating the lungs in the amphibians. There are two methods of buccal pumping which are defined by the floor movements of mouth needed to complete both inspiration and expiration. Lung pressure, buccal pressure, airflow, and volume change at the nostrils are the main factors of buccal respiration.

The main organ of respiration in mammals is the lungs. Lungs are actively ventilated through a suction pump mechanism of inhalation and exhalation. The shrinking of the lungs increases the air pressure and forces the air to expells out.

Birds respire through the mechanism of avian respiration. It mainly consists of a paired lungs which contain the static structures with the surface for gas exchange which is connected with air sacs that expand and contract which causes the air to move through the lungs.

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gladiator answered 2 years ago

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