Question

Need this answered in long paragraph, with intext citations and references:

Discuss one of the four basic rules for understanding results in a research study.

Compare clinical significance and statistical significance. Which one is more meaningful when considering applying evidence to your practice?

Compare descriptive statistics and inferential statistics in research.

Answer 1

Discuss one of the four basic rules for understanding results in a research study.

• The results section is where you report the findings of your study based upon the methodology [or methodologies] you applied to gather information. The results section should state the findings of the research arranged in a logical sequence without bias or interpretation.
• One of the basic rules for understanding results in research study is to identify the variables. Variables are considered to be dependent and independent. A variable is a measurement that is able to change depending on its surroundings (Flannelly, Flannelly, & Jankowski, 2014). It can vary in what is being measured. An example of a variable would be a patients vital signs. They are measureable but they can vary. An independent variable is a variable that is placed in a study to measure the effect that it causes on thedependent variable. “The presumed cause in a cause-effect relationship is called the independent variable, and the presumed effect is called the dependent variable”(Flannelly, Flannelly, & Jankowski,2014). When researchers are looking for the effect they are watching for what the dependent variable is doing because of the introduction of the independent variable.

Compare clinical significance and statistical significance. Which one is more meaningful when considering applying evidence to your practice?

Significance is defined as the quality of being important.

Clinical significance -

• Importance (significance) of each findings in answering a clinical question or solving a clinical problem.
• Clinical significance pertains to whether an observed effect is important in the treatment of a disease, determination of diagnosis or other comparative/descriptive statistic. Clinical significance asks: "Does this observed difference affect the approach to treatment or diagnosis for patients? Statistical significance allows us to explore quantitatively whether differences between groups sampled from a population are due to chance or some true difference.

Statistical significance -

• Extent to which the results are probably not due to chance.
• Statistical significance allows us to explore quantitatively whether differences between groups sampled from a population are due to chance or some true difference.
• A p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 is generally considered significant evidence against the null hypothesis of no difference to suggest that true quantitative differences exist. statistical significance answers a question related to the play of chance.

Compare descriptive statistics and inferential statistics in research.

Descriptive statistics -

• Descriptive Statistics is that branch of statistics which is concerned with describing the population under study.It Organize, analyze and present data in a meaningful way.
• Descriptive statistics deals with the enumeration, organization, and graphical representation of data.

Inferential statistics -

• Inferential Statistics is a type of statistics, that focuses on drawing conclusions about the population, on the basis of sample analysis and observation.
• Inferential statics provides the procedure to draw an inference about the conditions that exist in a large set observations,i.e. an entire population from study of a part of that set (sample).