Question

Research Design Type (Research Methods and/or Statistical Methods) – What are some of the most popular design types used to study your assigned topic? Research design types include case studies, statistical methods, simple design types based on a pretest, simple design types based on a control group, quasi-experiments, experiments, etc. (there are others, but these are the main ones). If your particular area of interest does not include quasi-experiments or experiments, emphasis is probably placed on a wide variety of statistical techniques including survey research analysis. Tell us about some of the techniques used in the papers that you have reviewed. All in all, what are some of the main threats to internal validity?

Answer 1

Types of Research Designs excluding quasi-experiments and their significance:

1. Experimental Design: This is designed in order to evaluate cause - effect relationship.

2. Survey Design: This is designed in order to collect data which is stable and the data is collected by a bulk group of people through various sources of collecting them like having telephonic conversations etc,.

3. Comparative Design: This is designed in order to compare the base element to number of comparative elements of research.

4. Case study: The name itself indicates the study of a particular case or say a particular element only in the process of research.

5. Observational Design: The researcher here in this design merely observes the particular element to be studied and draw inferences.

6. Action Design: The researcher here in this design will take his own decisions himself to change the element of say an organization and see the after effects of that implementation.

7.Mixed-Method design: The name itself indicates that any of the minimal two designs are combined which are mentioned above.

Threats to Internal Validity:

1. Selection bias: This is because the researcher has to have a clear selection criteria to whom he want to listen to as there will lot of manipulated results depending on the element of research.

2. Maturation: The age groups might change resulting in a diplomatic variable changes which finally affects the researcher results say not upto 100%.

3. Historical changes: The dependent and independent variables are changed due to various changes and nature disasters or mentally affected elements which can lead to finally affecting the researcher study.

4. Testing repeatedly: This happens when the participants are tested repeatedly and so that they might get remotely controlled by the answers which will directly affect the researcher study.