Question

Which organ releases the hormone used to regulate blood sugar levels? What are the two main functions of this organ?

		Pancreas; produce digestive enzymes; produce insulin
		Pituitary gland; regulate hormone availability in the body; growth hormone
		Pancreas; regulate hormone availability in the body; produce thyroid hormone
		Pituitary gland; produce digestive enzymes; produce insulin

Which gland regulates hormone secretion levels whereby the body does not over-secrete or under-secrete specific hormones. This gland helps in maintaining hormonal homeostasis within the body.

		Thyroid gland
		Adrenal gland
		Pituitary gland
		Testes

Match the following neurotransmitter to its function.

1) Norepinephrine               A) Known as the “bliss molecule”, important for memory

2) Anandamide                    B) Regulates mood and social behavior

3) Serotonin                         C) Is also a stress hormone produced by the adrenal gland

		1C, 2A, 3B
		1B, 2A, 3C
		1B, 2C, 3A
		1A, 2B, 3C

An overactive pituitary gland can lead to an excess secretion of which of the following hormones?

		Testosterone hormone
		Growth hormone
		Insulin hormone
		Adrenaline hormone

Tom was an avid swimmer and loved to regularly exercise 3x a week. One of his favorite exercise routines was to swim for 30 minutes in cold water during the winter, also known as cold water therapy. Which of the following would not be an advantage of swimming in cold water on the body?

		Your body cannot adapt to cold weather resulting in a decrease in speed and power.
		Increased mitochondria in muscle tissue which would produce more ATP energy.
		Winter swimmers have a higher number of white blood cells and Natural killer cells.
		Individuals continuously exposed to cold weather cleared sugar from their blood more efficiently decreasing the risks of developing diabetes.

Answer 1

1. Correct option is A. Pancreas (located across the back of belly and behind stomach) produce digestive enzymes that helps in breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and acids in deodenum. Here in deodenum these enzymes gets activated. Bile that is produced by liver and gallbladder helps to digest the carbs, fats and proteins.

Pancreas also secrete the harmone insulin that keeps the blood sugar levels low then the levels goes up. Thus it plays major role in controlling blood sugar levels.

2. Correct option is C.Pituitary gland

Homeostasis refers to equilibrium within the cells of the body. This gland helps in maintaining homeostasis by release of harmones in response to stimulus i.e in response to external and internal enviornment and therby maintaining homeostasis.

It forms a hypothalamus- pituitory complex in the center of brain which has direct effect on tissues of body and helps in regulation and production of harmones and inturn regulates its secretion.

3. Corect option is A. 1C,2A,3B

Norepinephrine- C.stress harmone produced by adrenal gland (associated with stress that increases heart rate and blood pressure)

Anandamine - A.bliss molecule (it transmits blissful, happiness signals to brain by binding to brain's marijuana receptor)

Serotonin - B. regulates mood and social behaviour (This harmone is basically associated with learning, memory, mood swings, under secreation can cause depression, anxiety etc)

4. Correct option is B.Growth harmone

Somatotrophs, lactotrophs, cortocotrophs, thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs are 5 cells produced by pituitory glands. Excess of this glands leads to somatotropinoma (benign growth of somatic cells) which basically regulates synthesis and secretion of growth harmone. It can aslo lead to condition called acromegaly.

5. Correct option is D.

Individuals exposed to colder climate are prone to diabetes. There are some viruses that are more dominating in cold conditions and have direct cytolytic effect. This they causes by triggering the autoimmune response. They destroy beta cells. There are more type 1 diabetes diagnosis in colder climate. People with diabetes tend to increase their HbA1c levels (i.e hemoglobin Ac levels)  in colder climate.