Question

QUESTION 2

1. Select all the statements that are TRUE about what can change allele frequencies in a population over generations.

   		Mutation: Mutation can change the allele frequencies by creating an allele that a population needs to survive when the environment changes.
   		Which allele is dominant/recessive: Because the dominant allele is expressed more than the recessive allele, it is more likely to be passed on to offspring.
   		Starting allele frequencies: In a small population, if the frequency of an allele is very low, it is more likely that it will disappear due to chance.
   		Gene flow: Introducing new individuals to a population can change allele frequencies and add new alleles.
   		Mutation: Mutation can change the allele frequencies in a population by creating new alleles.
   		Mutation: Mutation can change the allele frequencies in a population by creating new copies of existing alleles.
   		Population size: In a small population, the random outcomes of individual matings have more weight in determining the allele frequency in the population.
   		Inbreeding: If not all individuals in a population are equally likely to mate (or, individuals with similar genotypes are more likely to mate with each other), then the genotype frequencies in the next generation can change but not the allele frequencies.
   		Which allele is dominant/recessive: The dominant allele overpowers the recessive allele to become more common in the population.
   		Natural selection: If individuals with a specific allele are more likely to reproduce than individuals without that allele, then the frequency of that allele will likely increase in the next generation.
   		Starting allele frequencies: If one allele has a much higher frequency than the other, then the frequency of that allele will increase because it is more likely to be passed on.

Answer 1

Correct answers are :-

Gene flow: Introducing new individuals to a population can change allele frequencies and add new alleles.

Mutation: Mutation can change the allele frequencies in a population by creating new alleles.

Mutation: Mutation can change the allele frequencies in a population by creating new copies of existing alleles.

Mutation: Mutation can change the allele frequencies by creating an allele that a population needs to survive when the environment changes.

Natural selection: If individuals with a specific allele are more likely to reproduce than individuals without that allele, then the frequency of that allele will likely increase in the next generation.

• Explanation :-

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

This law states an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool (using a formula p2 + 2pq + q2) remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met.

1.No mutation: no allelic changes occur.
2.No gene flow: migration of alleles into or out of the population does not occur.
3.Random mating: individuals pair by chance and not according to their genotypes or phenotypes.
4.No Genetic drift: the population is large so changes in allele frequencies due to chance are insignificant.
5.No selection: no selective force favors one genotype over another.

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