Question

what is antiviral pharmacodynamics antiretroviral pharmacodynamics and antifungal pharmacodynamics

please give me answers separately.

Answer 1

Antiviral Pharmacodynamics:

An antiviral drugtact at one among these five basic steps in cycle of viral replication to inhibit the virus:

(1) viral attachment and penetration into the host cell

(2) uncoating of viral entity (such as removal of capsid and release of the viral genetic material, DNA or RNA)

(3) synthesis of new viral components by using the cellular machinery of the host cell as directed by the virus RNA or DNA

(4) assembly of the new components into new replicas of virus

(5) release of the replicas of virus from the host cell.

Antiretroviral drugs

• Retrovirus contains reverse transcriptase enzyme, an enzyme that converts viral RNA into DNA.
• This newly synthesised DNA is then incorporated into DNA of the host cell, which is the site of the replication.
• Reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors act by inhibiting the action of enzyme reverse transcriptase.
• There are two sub groups for RT inhibitors.
• First one is Nucleoside RT inhibitors (e.g., zalcitabine, stavudine) which must be phosphorylated for activation.They mimic the normal nucleosides and block reverse transcriptase. The use of combination is always more effective.
• The second group of RT inhibitors is the non-nucleoside inhibitors (e.g., delaviridine,nevirapine), which never need activation. they shows synergism with the nucleoside RT inhibitors.

Antifungals

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