Question

In: Statistics and Probability

In a study of exhaust emissions from school buses, the pollution intake by passengers was determined...

In a study of exhaust emissions from school buses, the pollution intake by passengers was determined for a sample of nine school buses used in the Southern California Air Basin. The pollution intake is the amount of exhaust emissions, in grams per person, that would be inhaled while traveling on the bus during its usual 18-mile trip on congested freeways from South Central LA to a magnet school in West LA. Here are the amounts for the nine buses when driven with the windows open.

1.15     0.33    0.40     0.33     1.39     0.38     0.25     0.40     0.35

(a) Consider making a stemplot. Are there outliers or strong skewness that would preclude use of the t procedures?

The sample is small and the stemplot is left skewed with possible outliers, so use of t procedures is not appropriate.The distribution is symmetric so use of t procedures is appropriate.    The sample is small and the stemplot is right skewed with possible outliers, so use of t procedures is not appropriate.The distribution has a slight right skew, but no potential outliers, so the use of t procedures is still appropriate.


(b) A good way to judge the effect of outliers is to do your analysis twice, once with the outliers and a second time without them. Give a 90% confidence interval, with all the data, for the mean pollution intake among all school buses used in the Southern California Air Basin that travel the route investigated in the study.
to

Give a 90% confidence interval with the outliers removed.
to

(c) Compare the two intervals in part (b). What is the most important effect of removing the outliers?

Without the outliers, there is a larger margin of error.Without the outliers, there is a smaller margin of error.    

Solutions

Expert Solution

Part b.1

Thus, the 90% confidence interval for the mean pollution intake among all school buses with outliers lies between 0.2990 and 0.7990.

Thus, the 90% confidence interval for the mean pollution intake among all school buses without outliers lies between 0.3098 and 0.3873.

Please give me a thumbs-up if this helps you out. Thank you! :)


Related Solutions

In a study of exhaust emissions from school buses, the pollution intake by passengers was determined...
In a study of exhaust emissions from school buses, the pollution intake by passengers was determined for a sample of 9 school buses used in the Southern California Air Basin. The pollution intake is the amount of exhaust emissions, in grams per person, that would be breathed in while traveling on the bus during its usual 18-mile trip on congested freeways from South Central LA to a magnet school in West LA. (As a reference, the average intake of motor...
Suppose a community faces a pollution problem because of emissions from a polluter with MAC =...
Suppose a community faces a pollution problem because of emissions from a polluter with MAC = 36 - 21 The information on pollution damages is given by MD = E (a) If there is a tax rate on emissions of \$ 9/unit , then what is the emission level choosen by the polluter in equilibrium? What is the amount of its compliance costs? (b) What is the socially efficient tax rate in the given situaton? () Now imagine a situation...
Workers and retirees live together in a neighborhood with emissions from a nearby factory causing pollution....
Workers and retirees live together in a neighborhood with emissions from a nearby factory causing pollution. The marginal damages for workers is 2e and the marginal damages for the retirees is 6e. The polluting factory has a marginal savings of 20 − 2e. 1) What is the MPB of workers and retirees? What is the aggregate MSB? 2) what is the factory's marginal abatement cost (MAC)? 3) whats the optimal abatement level?
18. Suppose a community faces a pollution problem because of emissions from a polluter with MAC=36-...
18. Suppose a community faces a pollution problem because of emissions from a polluter with MAC=36- 2E. The information on pollution damages is given by MD=E . (a) If there is a tax rate on emissions of $ 9/unit, then what is the emission level choosen by the polluter in equilibrium? What is the amount of its compliance costs? (b) What is the socially efficient tax rate in the given situation? (c) Now imagine a situation where the polluter bargains...
Suppose a community faces a pollution problem because of emissions from a polluter with MAC=36- 2E....
Suppose a community faces a pollution problem because of emissions from a polluter with MAC=36- 2E. The information on pollution damages is given by MD=E . (a) If there is a tax rate on emissions of $ 9/unit, then what is the emission level choosen by the polluter in equilibrium? What is the amount of its compliance costs? (b) What is the socially efficient tax rate in the given situaton? (c) Now imagine a situation where the polluter bargains with...
Suppose a community faces a pollution problem because of emissions from a polluter with MAC=36- 2E....
Suppose a community faces a pollution problem because of emissions from a polluter with MAC=36- 2E. The information on pollution damages is given by MD=E . (a) If there is a tax rate on emissions of $ 9/unit, then what is the emission level choosen by the polluter in equilibrium? What is the amount of its compliance costs? (b) What is the socially efficient tax rate in the given situation? (c) Now imagine a situation where the polluter bargains with...
Three way catalytic converters have been installed in new vehicles in oder to reduce pollutants from motor vehicles exhaust emissions.
  Three way catalytic converters have been installed in new vehicles in oder to reduce pollutants from motor vehicles exhaust emissions. However, these converters unintentionally increase the level of ammonia in the air. Environmental Science and Technology published a study on the ammonia levels near the exit ramp of a San Francisco highway tunnel. The data in the next table represent daily ammonia concentrations ( parts per million) on eight randomly selectd days during afternoon drive time in the summer...
Q1) A study is conducted to understand the daily water intake of people from different places....
Q1) A study is conducted to understand the daily water intake of people from different places. Seven people from Hong Kong, seven people from London and six people from New York are involved in the study. The amount of water these people drink in a day (in centilitre) are recorded : Hong Kong 25.9 19.9 19.3 19.2 19.9 21.4 22.0 London 18.8 23.4 22.9 20.1 14.8 20.0 22.7 New York 17.6 14.6 14.6 18.8 15 14.5 (a) Test, at the...
A large study of DNA from people in the USA determined that the frequency for the...
A large study of DNA from people in the USA determined that the frequency for the recessive allele for ear shape .2 and the dominant is .8. If 10 % of the population shows the recessive phenotype is the population in HW equilibrium for this trait? Note that the population of the USA is over 200 million! no yes cannot be determined from the data given
A study of fast-food intake is described the the paper "What People Buy From Fast-Food Restaurants"...
A study of fast-food intake is described the the paper "What People Buy From Fast-Food Restaurants" (Obesity, 2009, pages 1369-1374). Adult customers at three hamburger chains (McDonald's, Burger King and Wendy's) in New York City were approached as they entered the restaurant at lunchtime and asked to provide their receipt when exiting. The receipts were then used to determine what was purchased and the number of calories consumed was determined. In all, 3857 people participated in the study. The sample...
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT