Question

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1)Select all of the following that are associated with an increased anion gap.

	lactic acidosis
	salicylate poisoning
	multiple myeloma
	ketoacidosis

2)Select all that would apply to Cushing'Syndrome.

	increased sodium
	decreased sodium
	increased potassium
	decreased potassium
	increased chloride
	decreased chloride
	increased magnesium
	decreased magnesium

3)Select all of the following that correctly apply to a patient with untreated iron deficiency.

	increased TIBC
	decreased TIBC
	decreased serum iron
	increased serum iron
	increased serum ferritin
	decreased serum ferritin

4)Select all of the following that are associated with an elevated total calcium level in serum.

	liver disease
	hyperparathyroidism
	hypoparathyroidism
	multiple myeloma

5)=

Select all of the following that will be significantly increased with hemolysis.

	potassium
	sodium
	phosphorus
	magnesium

Answer 1

1. Lactic acidosis , Salycilate poisoning, ketoacidosis :

These conditions are observed with increased anion gap.

In case of multiple myeloma anion gap is decreased.

2.

increased sodium

decreased potassium

decreased chloride

decreased magnesium

Cushing syndrome caused by excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone called Cushing's discase.
Cause -
o Tumor of adrenal cortex.
o Over production of ACTH from pituitary.
o Ectopic production of ACTH from lungs or from elsewhere.

3.

increased TIBC

The body produces less transferrin (but more ferritin), presumably to keep iron away from pathogens that require it for their metabolism. This is mainly regulated by increased hepcidin production. High. The liver increases the production of transferrin, thus raising TIBC

decreased serum iron

decreased serum ferritin

High levels of ferritin can indicate an iron storage disorder, such as hemochromatosis, or a chronic disease process. Low levels of ferritin are indicative of iron deficiency, which causes anemia (a reduction in the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells).

4.

hyperparathyroidism

In cases of primary hyperparathyroidism or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, heightened PTH leads to increased serum calcium (hypercalcemia) due to: increased bone resorption, allowing flow of calcium from bone to blood. reduced kidney clearance of calcium. increased intestinal calcium absorption.

multiple myeloma

Because myeloma patients often have irreversible impairment in renal function and increased renal tubular calcium reabsorption, the capacity of the kidneys to clear excess calcium load from the circulation effectively is overwhelmed, resulting in elevated serum calcium levels

5.

	potassium
	phosphorus
	magnesium