Question

For the following question, please answer in essay format( a page and half long minimum)( if hand written please print legibly and be clear about which part of the question are answering, in complete sentences, with as much detail as possible. Thanks!

Describe the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) found in most eukaryotic cells. List all nine enzymes needed for this metabolic pathway, along with their substrates (include the number of carbon atoms in each substrate), products (include the number of carbon atoms in each product), and any high-energy molecules generated or consumed by each enzyme.

Answer 1

The Citric acid cycle is also known as tricarboxylic acid and the Krebs cycle. It completes the oxidation of glucose by taking the pyruvates from glycolysis and other pathways by way of change from one thing to another reaction talked before that and completely breaking them down into CO2 molecules, H2O molecules and creating more ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. in related to organisms with cells(Eukaryotic cells) that have nuclei membranes cells the citric acid happens in the matrix of mitochondria.

The overall reaction f triboxylic acid is

2 Acetyl groups +6NAD+ +2FAD +2ADP+2Pi

-------- (1)

4 CO2 +6NADH+6H+ +2FADH2+2ATP-----(2)

THe citric acid figure (1)prvides a series of middle position compounds that donate protons and electrons to the electron transport chain by the way reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2.The electron transport chain then creates ATPs by oxidative phosphrylation. The citric acid also produces 2 ATP by supportive chemical changed phosphorylation and plays an important role in the flow of carbon through the cell supplying predictor metabolites for different biosynthetic pathways.

The citric acid involves 8 clear steps helped by the enzymes. that follow:

Step 1

The citric acid in figure 2 mentions that the cycle begins when coenzyme mves from one place to another its 2 carbon acetyl groups to the 4 carbon oxaloacetate to form the 6 carbon molecule citrate. fig.2

Step-2

The citrate is rearranged to form an isomeric form, iscrate. Fig.3

Step-3

The six carbon isocitate is oxidised nd a molecule of carbondioxide is removed producing the 5 carbon molecule alpha ketoglutorate. During this oxidation, NAD+ is reduced to NADH and H+

Step-4

Alpha ketoglutarate is oxidised, CO2 is removed and coenzyme A is added to form the 4-carbon compound succinylCoA During this oxidation, NAD+ is reduced to NADH+H+

Step-5

CoA is remved from succinyl to produce succinate. The energy released is used to make guanosine triphosphate (GTP) from guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and Pi by substrate level phosphorylation. GTP can then used to produce ATP.

Step-6

Succinate is oxidised to fumarate. During this oxidation, FAD is reduced to FADH2.

Step-7

Water is added to fumarate to form malate.

Step-8

Malate is oxidised to produce oxaloacetate, the starting compound of the tricarboxylic acid cyce. During this xidation NAD+ is reduced t NADH+ H+

Thus tricarboxylic acid ,the kerbs cycle plays a major role in its process in the eukaryotic cells.