Question

5. Briefly discuss pathogenesis in the lung.

6. List 3 risk factors for severe disease.

Answer 1

Pathogenesis of lung cancer;

Lung cancer is due to inactvation of tumor suppressor genes due to several factors nad aldo may activation of oncogenes.When activation of oncogene occurs there will uncontrolled replication and leads to massive growth of cells in the lungs and leads tumor as the tumor suppressor genes are inactived.

Lung cancer mainly divided into small cell lung carcinoma and non small cell lung carcinoma.

Small cell lung carcinoma in this metastasis occurs rapidly but responds to chemotherapy.it also includes central tumour i.e tumor growth causes distal obstruction and also infection that causes hemolysis,cough ,dyspnea.

Non small cell lung carcinoma ,in this metastasis occurs slower rate,it's response to chemotherapy is less.it is removed by surgery.

There are different types lung cancer that are due to above conditions and there's are risk factors that develop tumour.Depending on the risk factors also different cancers are developed.

Risk factors in lung cancer include

1)Smoking

2) Environmental exposure

3) Genetic factors.

Smoking

Smoking is major risk factor that develop lung cancer.cigarette contains huge amount of carcinogens that damage the cells that line the lungs.smoking decreases the air spaces and blood vessels in the lungs inflamates and irritates the lungs and causes difficulty in breathing.

Environmental exposure;

Environmental exposure to dust and tobacco smoke and exposure to UV rays and x-rays are the risk factors that acts as carcinogens that alter the activities of tumor suppressor genes and causes carcinoma.

Genetic factors;

Some mutations in DNA inherited from parents leads to lung carcinoma.That mutations have high risk of causing lung cancer.some cancers are especially due to genetic predisposition eg; Adenocarcinoma,it is mainly likely to occur in person having family history of lung cancer.