Question

Explain the role(s) of the activated T cells and molecular effectors. Explain cell-cell interactions and resulting cytokine/chemokine production.

Answer 1

As these concepts are a part of immune system, the immune molecular effectors are the short live activated cells that defend the body in an immune response. These included B cells and T cells .

The activated T cells which include cytotoxic and helper T cells are responsible for cell mediated responses i.e to destroy the infected cells and signal other immune cells to participate in the response.

In order to understand the second part of the question let me first introduce a new type of immune cell called macrophages.The macrophages can engulf foreign substances or cells which do not belongs to our body. Now there is an interaction between the T cells and macrophages ( cell - cell interaction ) which produces cytokine/chemokine. Macrophages interact with T cells in order to bring out T cell activation in Target organs and are themselves activated by inflammatory molecules ( cytokine/chemokine) produced by T cells . So you can see that this is a positive regulation . In simple terms macrophages activates T cells and T cells produce molecules which again activates macrophages ( a kind of loop) .

Sometimes miss-communication between the T cells and macrophages causes an autoimmune disorder.