I have two liquids: Petroleum ether and water. I want to dissolve salt (NaCl), benzene (C6H6),...

I have two liquids: Petroleum ether and water. I want to dissolve salt (NaCl), benzene (C6H6), alcohol (CH3OH), octane (C8H18), and butter (C55H98O6) into one of the two solvents. Using “like dissolves like”, choose which of the two solvents each of the substances will dissolve into.

Expert Solution

Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent. The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on the physical and chemical properties of the solute and solvent as well as on temperature, pressure and the pH of the solution.

Further, the solubility of one substance in another is determined by the balance of intermolecular forces between the solvent and solute, and the entropy change that accompanies the solvation. Factors such as temperature and pressure will alter this balance, thus changing the solubility. Solubility may also strongly depend on the presence of other species dissolved in the solvent, for example, complex-forming anions (ligands) in liquids. Solubility will also depend on the excess or deficiency of a common ion in the solution, known as the common-ion effect. To a lesser extent, solubility will depend on the ionic strength of solutions.

Here,

Soluble in Petroleum ether: Benzene, octane, butter.

Soluble in water: Salt (NaCl) because of ionic compound, alcohol because of formation of hydrogen bonding with water molecules in solution.

queen_honey_blossom answered 2 years ago

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