Question

Write a synthesis paper regarding the evolution of research ethics guidelines.

Answer 1

Evolution of research ethical guidelines:

1. Nuremberg code-1947

On the basis of trial done among research done among prisoners, by Nazis doctors and scientist at Nuremberg. Where the prisoners tortured and compelled to participate in research. The trial brought to light the tourture, and it was judged. The jugdgement brings the code, and need for getting informed consent , justification of study by qualified persons, anticipated benefits, avoidance of physical and mental torturing, death and disabling injury.

2. Helsinki declaration-1964

World Medical Association General Assembly, developed a set of rules to safeguard the rights and well-being of subjects paticipating in research.

3. Willbrook study( 1963-1966)

Deliberate exploitation of vulnerable population happens. In the light of this study, it is stressed that Only children whose parents has a right to give permission for study.3.

4. The International Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research, ( Belmont Report-1979)

In Turkish Syphilis study, in 1971, the misconduct of researcher were identified . The Belmont report stressed on three ethical principle, Autonomy, beneficence, justice.

5.Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (2002)

Dealt with issues involving international clinical trials, and formulated gudelines.

6. Helsinki declaration - Revised in 2013( latest),

Revised by World Medical Assembly, and ammended a declaration that" the physician shall act in the patient's best interest when providing medical care".

7. other agencies are also formulated research ethical gudelines

WHO gudelines for conducting research , State medical council.