Question

1) How does gender affect access and quality of health services?

2)Identify the four principles of medical ethics.

Answer 1

1. How does gender affect access and quality of health services?

Impact of gender on health equity

Sex-disaggregated information demonstrate that, all inclusive, men have a shorter future (4.4 years less in 2016 (3)), and a higher handicap balanced life year (DALY) trouble than ladies (4). Quite a bit of this distinction is driven by gendered determinants: for instance, social standards which allow men's higher rates of presentation to tobacco and liquor which thus prompt DALY rates three times higher in men than ladies (5). For other conditions, gender and social norms result in a higher burden of specific diseases among girls and women: for example, a relative lack of access for women and girls to cataract services leads to higher rates of blindness.

Gender influences health and wellbeing across three domains:

1. gendered determinants of health – including the intersection with other social and structural determinants;
2. gendered health behaviors; and
3. The gendered nature of the health system response.

The table beneath gives illustrative cases of the gendered wellbeing determinants and wellbeing practices impacting wellbeing disparities crosswise over nine SDG3 targets. The gendered idea of the wellbeing framework reaction is set out beneath the table.

3.2: Preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age

Women’s influence in household decision-making, and control of resources, determines resources allocated to child feeding and welfare.

Parents may preferentially seek care according to the gender of a sick-child, with girls less likely to receive care when needed.

2) Identify the four principles of medical ethics.

The five main principles of ethics are usually considered to be:

• Truthfulness and confidentiality.
• Autonomy and informed consent.
• Beneficence.
• Nonmaleficence.
• Justice.