Question

1. What role does each of the cells below play in the maintenance of the alveolus?  

great alveolar cell:  

squamous alveolar cell:  

alveolar macrophage:

2. In addition to classifying the respiratory anatomy according to location (upper and lower respiratory tract), we also classify respiratory anatomy according to function—the conducting and respiratory divisions. What is the essential difference between them? • Conducting division: • Respiratory division:

3. Which structures are part of the respiratory division?

4. During ventilation, where does O2 come from and where is it going?

Answer 1

1, The alveoli are the functional part of the lungs engaged in breathing by the gaseous exchange.

The greater alveolar cells of alveoli are also known as type II cells, which are cuboidal in shape and found attached to squamous cells and these have phospholipid multilamellar bodies. And its main function to secrete surfactants in alveoli.

The alveolar macrophages are mononuclear cells and are seen in the lumen and connective tissue of alveoli. Also, it plays a major role in engulfing the inhaled small particle and remove it.

Alveolar squamous cells are also known as type l cells, which are flat and thin and occupies about 95% of the lung and help in the diffusion of gases.

2. The upper respiratory tract consists of parts that direct inhaled air to the chest region that is in the trachea. Thus the nostrils and mouth serve as media through the air is drawn into the body. Then from nostrils to the nasal cavity and from mouth to direct. Both of them reach a common passage, the pharynx. From there to the larynx, the proximal part of the trachea then the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli form the lower respiratory part. The conducting part includes those which transfer air from the atmosphere to the lungs, That is the nostrils to the nasal cavity, pharynx, larylarynx, then the bronchi and bronchioles Thus the air reaches the alveoli and The alveolar is the respiratory part.

3. Alveoli are the part of respiratory division it is so divided because it's the part which aids in gas exchange and thus as the functional unit of lung whereas the other parts are involved in conducting the air to the alveoli and drawing work.

4. The ventilation is the breathing that is inspiration or expiration. During inspiration due to the action of ribs, diaphragm and intercostal muscles the lungs enlarge in volume so that pressure inside gets lower than that of outside O2 pressure so that O2 enters from the environment to lungs whereas in expiration due to the ribcage, diaphragm and extrinsic muscles volume is reduced so that internal pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure and CO2 moves out. Also, the O2 enters the alveoli to get diffused in blood and transfer to the whole body.