Question

In: Nursing

Electrolyte imbalance

Solutions

Expert Solution

Potassium(3.6-5.4mg/dl)

1.Hypokalemia

K+<3.6mg/dl

Etiology

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Diaphoresis
Suctioning
Hyperinsulinism
Alkalosis
DKA

Clinical features

Constipation
Paralytic ileus
Vomiting
Abdominal distention

Ecg shows ST depression,flat T wave,prominent U wave.

Management

Oral K+.
KCL infusion
Diet vegetables-cabbage,tomato,spinach carrot.
Fruits_banana,guava,orange,tender coconut water.

2Hyperkalemia

K+>5.4mg/dl

Etiology

Traumatic injury-burns
Renal failure
Acidosis

Manifestation

Diarrhea
Hyperactive bowel sounds.
Ecg tall T waves
Prolonged PR,flat Pwaves,widened QRS

Management

Dialysis
Ion exchange resin-Kayexalate-sodium polystyremine sulfonate
Diuretics
To force K+from ECF to ICF
Insulin+Dextrose,NaCHO3-correct acidosis.
Salbutamol-stimulates Beta cells of pancreas to produce insulin,Cardiac protection-Calcium gluconate.

Hypocalcemia. Hypercalcemia

Etiology

Decreased vitamin D intake
Hyper phosphatemia.
Acute pancreatitis
Hypoparathyroidism

Etiology

Malignancy
Thiazide diuretics.
Hyperparathyroidism
Immobilization.

Clinical manifestation

Numbness
Tingling
Cramp
Tetany
Trousseau sign
Chvostek sign
Seizure
Diarrhea
Laryngeal spasm.
Arrythmias

Decreased reflexes.
Constipation
Renal calculi.
Bone fracture

Management

Calcium gluconate
Calcium supplements

Calcitonin

Nightingale answered 1 year ago

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