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electrolyte imbalance Several patients were admitted in the medical ward. Answer the following questions pertinent to...

electrolyte imbalance
Several patients were admitted in the medical ward. Answer the following questions pertinent to the patients’ conditions.

PATIENT A–Presented in the emergency department with severe headache, irritability, and tremors after finishing a full marathon. Laboratory values reveal Serum sodium level of 130 mEq/L.

PATIENT B–Presented in the emergency department with severe body malaise, diminished bowel sounds, and ECG reveals an extra U-wave in the tracing after 8 bouts of watery diarrhea. Laboratory values further reveal a Serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L.

PATIENT C–A post thyroidectomy patient presented with severe muscle cramps and prolongation of QT-interval in the ECG and was referred to the medical consultant for co-management. Serum calcium level is 4.0 mEq/L.

PATIENT D–A patient receiving magnesium for the management of seizure disorder suddenly presented with depressed deep tendon reflex and becomes stuporous. Laboratory values reveal a Serum Magnesium level of 2.6 mg/dL.

Given the Patient B’s presentation, trace the pathophysiological cause of the decrease in serum potassium level.
What will be the emergency medication that should be readily available in managing the disorder apparent for Patient D?
Explain the relationship of thyroid surgery and the development of hypocalcemia in Patient C.
Explain the relationship of Patient A’s prior activity and the development of hyponatremia.
Explain the mechanism behind the development of prolonged QT –interval for Patient C.
Enumerate at least one (1) nursing diagnosis for Patient A, B, C, and D

Solutions

Expert Solution

Patient B patient having severe watery diarrhea, that make the patient with severe water and electrolyte loss.it make the patient with severe body malaise and abnormal heart rhythm in the ECG wave. this intracellular shift of the potassium causes severe hypokalemia.
Patient D serum magnesium level is high that cause magnesium toxicity. patient with magnesium toxicity magnesium sulfate is an emergency medication that help to manage the disorder for this patient.
Patient C having hypocalcemia and its symptoms. thyroidectomy patient develops with severe hypocalcemia because after the thyroid surgery it lowers the secretion of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid gland near to thyroid.
Patient A finishing full marathon with long endurance that makes them consume more fluids that make substantial weight gain while running, when long racing and body mass index is high the causes low blood sodium concentration.


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