In: Nursing
During your rotation in the clinic, you spend some time shadowing the orthopedist. During her clinic session she sees 2 different patients, one male and one female who have been diagnosed with osteoporosis.
What are some of the risk factors involved in patients who suffer from osteoporosis? Are there differences in how you approach the treatment of osteoporosis in male vs. female patients? Why?
#. Risk factors for osteoporosis :-
- Non-modifiable risk factors :-
Female sex
post menopause
ageing
late menarche (first period)
family history of osteoporosis
Caucasian/Asian race
short stature
previous low-trauma fracture
- Disease & drugs Modifiable risk factors :-
Diseases:
Cushing's syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Sex hormone deficiency in men/women
- Drugs that cause bone loss:
glucocorticoids
thyroxine
long-term heparin
anti-epileptic drugs
Factors that increase risk
visual impairiment
sedative medications
balance disorder
- Lifestyle Modifiable risk factors :-
smoking
excessive alcohol
physical inactivity
low calcium intake
vitamin D deficiency
#. Yes there is a difference in the treatment approach to males and females with osteoporosis.
Clinicians offer pharmacologic treatment to women with known osteoporosis to reduce the risk for hip and vertebral fractures; alendronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid, or denosumab may be used.
In postmenopausal women, estrogen or estrogen plus progestogen or raloxifene should not be used for the treatment of osteoporosis.