Question

Dr. Patricia Benner categorized nursing into five levels of capabilities. Mention them and explain in 150 words or more.

Answer 1

Dr Patricia Benner categorized nursing into five levels of capabilities are follows :

1. Novice

2. Advanced beginner

3. Competent

4. Proficient

5. Expert

Novice:-

• It is a learner or Beginner with no experience.
• Educated general rules to help perform tasks.
• Independent of specific cases, and applied universally
• The rule-governed manner is limited and inflexible
• Ex. “Tell me what I need to do and I’ll do it.”

Advanced Beginner:-

• Illustrates efficient performance of New graduate.
• Has gained preliminary experience in actual situations to recognize recurring important elements.
• Principles, based on experiences, begin to be formulated to guide actions

Competent:-

• Require qualified staff, Generally a nurse with 2-3 years knowledge on the job in the same area or in similar day-to-day situations.
• More aware of long-term goals
• Profits opinion from planning own actions based on informed, abstract, and analytical thinking and helps to fulfil greater efficiency and organization

Proficient:-

• Recognizes and understands situations like the whole part and knowledge of 2-3 years gained.
• Learns from experiences what to expect in specific situations and how to modify strategies.
• Change in learner’s understanding of situations as whole parts rather than in distinct fraction.

Expert:-

• No longer depends on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions
• Much more background of 5 years experienced specialists.
• Performance is now fluid and efficient.