Question

discuss the use of one support theory Patricia Benner utilizes And how it supports the nursing theoretical framework

Answer 1

1.Dr Patricia Benner introduced the concept that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a sound educational base as well as a multitude of experiences. She proposed that one could gain knowledge and skills ("knowing how") without ever learning the theory ("knowing that").

She coneptualizes in her writing about nursing skills as experience is a prerequisite for becoming an expert.

She further explains that the development of knowledge in applied disciplines such as medicine and nursing is composed of the extension of practical knowledge (know how) through research and the characterization and understanding of the "know how" of clinical experience.

LEVELS OF NURSING EXPERIENCE

She described 5 levels of nursing experience as;

Novice

Advanced beginner

Competent

Proficient

Expert

>Novice

Beginner with no experience

Taught general rules to help perform tasks

Rules are: context-free, independent of specific cases, and applied universally

Rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible

Ex. “Tell me what I need to do and I’ll do it.”

>Advanced Beginner

Demonstrates acceptable performance

Has gained prior experience in actual situations to recognize recurring meaningful components

Principles, based on experiences, begin to be formulated to guide actions

>Competent

Typically a nurse with 2-3 years experience on the job in the same area or in similar day-to-day situations

More aware of long-term goals

Gains perspective from planning own actions based on conscious, abstract, and analytical thinking and helps to achieve greater efficiency and organization

>Proficient

Perceives and understands situations as whole parts

More holistic understanding improves decision-making

Learns from experiences what to expect in certain situations and how to modify plans

>Expert

No longer relies on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions

Much more background of experience

Has intuitive grasp of clinical situations

Performance is now fluid, flexible, and highly-proficient.

Significance of this theory:

Each step builds on the previous one as abstract principles are refined and expanded by experience and the learner gains clinical expertise.

This theory changed the profession's understanding of what it means to be an expert, placing this designation not on the nurse with the most highly paid or most prestigious position, but on the nurse who provided "the most exquisite nursing care.

It recognized that nursing was poorly served by the paradigm that called for all of nursing theory to be developed by researchers and scholars, but rather introduced the revolutionary notion that the practice itself could and should inform theory.

conclusion:

Nursing practice guided by the human becoming theory live the processes of the Parse practice methodology illuminating meaning, synchronizing rhythms, and mobilizing transcendenc.