Question

Explain the distinction between 'racism in action' (or personalized racism), institutional racism, and scientific racism. Which form of racism do you think is the most difficult to counteract and why?

Answer 1

S.No.	Racism in Action (Personalized Racism)	Institutional racism	Scientific Racism
1.	It is an individually expressed racism through hidden or expressed feelings thoughts or behaviour.	It is racism which is expressed socially by a different political or social institutions through promoting inequalities on and between groups of different race, religion, ethnicity etc.	It is racism which use science to justify and support the belief that there is difference among peoples of different race, caste, colour, religion, region, culture, ethnicity etc.
2.	It is more over in nature and can be seen as felt by everyone.	It is less but more force full in nature as people indulge in it without actually knowing that it is racism.	It is move forward in nature but it leaves a permanent perception in the minds of people because office scientific nature.
3.	Because of its a explicit nature it mostly becomes news headlines and people start condemning it due to which actions are taken not only to stop it but also help the victim.	Due to its implicit nature it hardly becomes news headlines and people unknowingly keep following it.	Because of its strong scientific background it becomes a discovery and a theory and people to not only do more researches on it but also quotes it to spread widely.
4.	For example - not giving employment to a person just because he or she belongs to different religion, individual or a group of individuals insulting or physically assaulting a person or a group just because they belong to different community or color.	For example practice of quota system for minority in admission in schools and colleges, employment and scholarships opportunities, it unfairly discriminates peoples of majority caste and religion.	For example evolution theory of Charles Darwin emphasized that some places are more evolved than others.

Institutional racism is most difficult to counteract because most of the time it is disguised as positive action taken to help or uplift a particular group like a form of quota system etc. it is also most difficult to curb because most of the people involved in it are involved unknowingly and thus not able to think that they are doing something as bad as racism against a group and go with the flow.