In: Accounting
JJ produces and sells cotton jerseys. The company uses variable costing for internal purposes and absorption costing for external reporting. At year-end, financial information must be converted from variable costing to absorption costing to satisfy external requirements.
At the end of 2018, management anticipated that 2019
sales would be 20% above 2018 levels. Thus, production for 2019 was
increased by 20% to meet the expected demand. However, economic
conditions in 2019 kept sales at the 2018 unit level of 40 000. The
following data pertain to 2018 and 2019:
2018
2019
Selling price per unit
R20
R20
Sales (units)
40 000
40 000
Beginning inventory (units)
4 000
4 000
Production (units)
40 000
48 000
Ending inventory (units
4 000
?
Production costs per unit (budgeted and actual) for
2018 and 2019 were:
Material R2.25
Labour R3.75
Overhead R1.50
Total R7.50
Annual fixed costs for 2018 and 2019 (budgeted and
actual) were:
Production R117 000
Selling and administrative R125 000
Total R242 000
The predetermined OH rate under absorption costing is based on annual capacity of 60 000. Any volume variance is assigned to Cost of Goods Sold.
Required:
3.1 Prepare an Income Statement using variable costing.
3.2 Prepare an Income Statement using absorption costing.
3.3 Reconcile the profits.
in R | ||||
Product cost per unit | ||||
Variable costing | Absorption costing | Absorption costing | ||
2018 | 2019 | |||
Material | 2.25 | 2.25 | 2.25 | |
Labor | 3.75 | 3.75 | 3.75 | |
Variable Overhead | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Fixed overhead | 2.925 | 2.438 | ||
(117000/40000 | (117000/48000 | |||
Total | 7.5 | 10.425 | 9.9375 | |
ans 1 Variable costing | ||||
Income Statement | 2018 | 2019 | ||
No. of units sold N | 40000 | 40000 | ||
Sales $20*N | 800000 | 800000 | ||
Less: Variable expenses | ||||
Cost of good sold 7.5*N | 300000 | 300000 | ||
Contribution margin | 500000 | 500000 | ||
Less: fixed cost | ||||
Production | 117000 | |||
Selling and administrative | 125000 | 242000 | 242000 | |
Net operating income | 258000 | 258000 | ||
ans 2 | ||||
Absorption costing | ||||
Income statement | ||||
Income Statement | 2018 | 2019 | ||
No. of units sold N | 40000 | 40000 | ||
Sales $20*N | 800000 | 800000 | ||
Less: Cost of good sold 10.425*N | 417000 | 397500 | ||
Gross profit | 383000 | 402500 | ||
Less: selling & adm exp | 125000 | 125000 | ||
Net opearting income | 258000 | 277500 | ||
ans 3 | ||||
Reconcile the profits | ||||
Income under variable costing | 258000 | 258000 | ||
Add:Fixed manufacturing deferred in Ending Inventory | 0 | 19500 | 8000*2.438 | |
Income under absorption costing | 258000 | 277500 | ||
If any doubt please comment |