Question

5. Using terms a layperson would understand, state the differences between

   Congenital and Genetic disorders and give an example of each.

6. What is the difference between an organic disorder and an idiopathic disorder?

7. What is the difference between an iatrogenic illness and a nosocomial

   infection?

8.   Describe the primary characteristics of these types of fractures:

1. comminuted
2. compression
3. pathologic.

9.   Describe the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis.

10. Describe the type of arthritis that is an autoimmune disorder rather than one associated with aging.

11. Describe the two types of bone marrow transplant, allogenic and autologous, in terms a patient will understand.

12. Mrs. Yasameen has a compression fracture of her spine. Her doctor has decided to do a percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Explain this procedure in terms that Mrs. Valdez and her family will understand.

13. Hilda has a job that involves hours of computer work every day. Recently she has complained of pain and a burning sensation in her fingers that was diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Describe what happens within the wrist to cause carpal tunnel syndrome.

14. Jennifer is the star of the track team; however, recently she has been experiencing pain when she runs. Dr. Vasquez performed several tests and established that she is suffering from a shin splint.

Use terms Jennifer would understand to describe this condition.

Answer 1

5. Congenital disorders are those disorders which are present at,before or just after birth whereas genitic disorders are those disorders which are transmitted from the parents to their children through genes.

Congenital disorders can not be pre-determined whereas genetic disorders are pre-detemined since our genome is half paternal and half maternal.

Example of Congenital disorder- Cleft lip and palate

Genetic disorder- Sickle cell anemia

6. Organic disorders are the term used to describe any health condition in which there is an measurable and observable disease process, such as inflammation or tissue damage. It is one that can be validated and quantified through the standardized biological measures known as biomarkers.

Such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, etc

Whereas an idiopathic disorder is any disorder with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin. For example,  idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

7. Nosocomial infection is an hospital acquired infection because they are caught up in a hospital and are potentially caused by organisms that are resistant to antibiotics.For example, ventilator-associated pneumonia

Whereas, iatrogenic infection is a type of nosocomial infection which results from diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. For example, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are necessarily aggressive for therapeutic effect – frequently produce such iatrogenic effects as hair loss, hemolytic anemia, etc.

8. A comminuted fracture is a break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments. The break is in three or more pieces and fragments are present at the fracture site.

In Compression fracture, the bone is crushed, causing the broken bone to be wider or flatter in appearance.

A pathologic fracture is a broken bone that's caused by a disease, rather than an injury. For example pathologic fractures are characteristic of metastatic lung and breast cancer and myeloma.