Question

1.Define and differentiate between genetic and acquired congenital disorders. Give examples for each 2.Identify the characteristics of ADHD 3.Signs/symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. What causes it? And what is the treatment? 4.Explain Autism Spectrum Disorders: Signs/symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Nursing Considerations. 5.What does a positive Gowers’ sign mean? 6.Childhood Depression: Signs/symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Nursing Considerations. 7.What are risk factors for suicide? 8.Childhood Schizophrenia: S/S, Diagnosis, Treatment, Nursing Considerations 9.What are the most commonly used drugs in adolescents? 10.What nursing consideration you would include relating to the care and upbringing of special needs children?

Answer 1

1) Congenital disorder is a medical condition that is present at or before birth ,the defect is in the genes and is hereditary from generation to generation . These conditions, also referred to as birth defects,e.g congenital disorders of heart , downs syndrome etc and acquired disorders are present after the birth and are acquired during life or inutero environment due to teratogenic efeect of drugs or alcohol like acute rheumatic heart disease and Kawasaki disease, phacomilia, fetal alcohol syndrome these are not genetic or hereditary . These can be prevented if you avoid drugs during pregnancy

2) inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, high energy level , impatient are the characteristics of ADHD person

3) Signs and symptomsof fetal alcohol spectrum Facial characteristics of a child with FAS. The key of FASD can vary between individuals exposed to alcohol .signs and symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome........ facial features, including small eyes, thin upper lip, a short, upturned nose, and a smooth skin surface between the nose and upper lip. Deformities of joints, limbs and fingers. Slow growth rate before and after birth. caused by a woman drinking alcohol during pregnancy. No specific treatment for fetal alcohol syndrome. The physical defects and mental deficiencies typically persist for a lifetime.

4) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder that involves persistent difficulty in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. S/S Abnormal Body Posturing, Abnormal Tone of Voice, Poor Eye Contact.Behavioral Disturbances.inability and delay to speaking , Monotonous Speech.Inappropriate Social Interaction.Diagnosis ...... There are no diagnostic tests fir ASD simply look at the child's developmental history and behavior to make a diagnosis.Rx .... Occupatinal therapy,Behavioral management therapy.Cognitive behavior therapy etc . The nursing management for the asd pt includes the care for nutrition, assissts them in activities of daily living like brushing, bathing ,toilet training etc the nurse provides them occupatinal training for future development

5) positive Gowers' sign indicates weakness of the proximal muscles(lower limbs) . The sign describes a patient that has to use their hands and arms to "walk" up their own body from a squatting position due to lack of hip and thigh muscle strength.