1. Describe differences between peripheral and central fatigue (6 marks = 3 differences for each) 2....

1. Describe differences between peripheral and central fatigue (6 marks = 3 differences for each)

2. Describe the difference between high frequency and low-frequency fatigue ?(6 marks = 3 differences for each)

3. Describe the role of inorganic phosphate in muscle fatigue

Solutions

Expert Solution

1.Difference between peripheral and central fatigue

Peripheral fatigue

Causes: Decreased glycogen and increased lactate
Sites: Brain, Spinal cord, proximal to motor neurons
involves processes associated with mechanical and cellular changes in the muscular system

Central fatigue

Causes: Decreased blood glucose and changes in plasma amino acid concentrations
Sites: In motor units(pripheral nerves, NMJ, muscle fibres)
involves changes in synaptic concentration of neurotransmitters in the CNS

2.Differences between high frequency and low frequency fatigue

High frequency fatigue

Induced by high frequency stimulation
Muscle fibres fatigue rapidly
Accompanies high intensity short duration exercise(eg: weight lifting)
Recover rapidly

Low frequency fatigue

Induced by low frequency stimulation.
Develpos more slowly
Accompanies low intensity long duration exercise(eg: long distance running)
recovery takes more time

3.Role of inorganic phosphate in muscle fatigue

Inorganic phosphate(Pi) which is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate has an important role in the development of muscle fatigue. When the muscle is being contracted for a long time, there will be ATP depletion. It causes the cell to do anaerobic respiration and it causes lactic acidosis which is one cause of muscle fatigue.Other than acidosis, anaerobic metabolism in the skeletal muscle also causes creatine phosphate to break down into creatine and inorganic phosphate.

It enters the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle fibre and precipitates with Ca2+ ions inside the SR. This decreases the availability of free SR which should be released for muscle contraction. Also, when Pi increases, it will inhibit the ATP-driven Ca2+ uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Increased Pi also affect the force of actin-myosin crossbridges. Fewer cross-bridges will be in high-force states and force production decreases when Pi increases during muscle fatigue.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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