Question

1. Which health care systems serve as organizational archetypes? Why?
2. Which is the difference between looking at Health Expenditures in relation to GDP and per capita? Essential concepts to analyze a health care system
3. How did the organized medical profession in the U.S. manage to remain free of control by business firms, insurance companies, and hospitals until the latter part of the 20th century?
4. Describe the process of formation of the hospital in the U.S. and mention its organizational antecedents. It should be summarize in two pages

Answer 1

Ans) Archetypes are recurring patterns of behavior that give insights into the structures that drive systems. They offer a way of deciphering systems dynamics across a diversity of disciplines, scenarios, or contexts. Think of these archetypes as the storylines of systems in the world.

- The difference between short and long term multipliers and we also check the adjustment process of health care expenditure to changes in per capita GDP and its main components. In both cases we test if results differ in countries with a higher share of private expenditure on total health expenditure. Econometric results show that the long-run multiplier is close to unity, that health expenditure is more sensitive to per capita income cyclical movements than to trend movements, and that those countries with a higher share of private health expenditure fit faster and following a different pattern.

- The organized medical profession managed to remain free of control by business firms, insurance companies, and hospitals by keeping physicians' abilities to remain free of control from hospitals and insurance companies remained a prominent feature of American medicine; individual physicians who took up.

- Intense pressure to control costs and improve patient care quality is driving hospitals to increasingly look to information technology (IT) for solutions. As IT investment and IT capability have grown in hospitals, the need to manage IT resources aggressively has also increased. The rise in complexity and sophistication of the IT capability in hospitals has also increased the importance of IT governance in these organizations.

- Yet, there is limited empirical data about the antecedents and consequences of IT governance. We draw upon extant literature related to power and politics and capability management to propose, operationalize, and empirically examine a nomological model that explains and predicts IT governance and its ensuing impact on risk management and IT contribution to hospital performance.

- Implications for hospitals’ readiness and predisposition for IT governance, as their structural and relational mechanisms can affect IT governance and, indirectly, IT value creation. A contribution of this study is that it is one of the first to empirically examine antecedents to IT governance and its impact on IT performance in a high-velocity environment that is riddled with technological turbulence.