Question

1. Which health care systems serve as organizational archetypes? Why?
2. Which is the difference between looking at Health Expenditures in relation to GDP and per capita? Essential concepts to analyze a health care system
3. How did the organized medical profession in the U.S. manage to remain free of control by business firms, insurance companies, and hospitals until the latter part of the 20th century?
4. Describe the process of formation of the hospital in the U.S. and mention its organizational antecedents. It should be summarize in two pages

Answer 1

Ans 1. Diagnostically , archetypes helped the hospital managers recongnize pattern of behaviour that ate already present in their organization. They served as the means for gaining insight into the underlying systems structures from which the archetypal behaviour emerges.

Ans 2. . 1.GDP is a measure of a nation as economic health while GDP per capita takes into account the reflection of such economic health into an individual citizen as perspective.

2. GDP measures the nation as wealth while GDP per capita roughly determines the standard of living in a particular country.

3. GDP normally increase as the population increase while GDP per capita may decrease when population increases.

Inform, educate and empower people about health issues.

Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.

Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.

Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems.

Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community

Ans 3. Managed health care plans are an alternative to traditional health care plans like fee-for-service plans. In the past few decades, managed health care plans have become a popular health insurance choice as health care costs have increased. The type of managed plan you have will dictate how you obtain your medical services, these are the main types of health plan:

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

Point of Service Plan (POS)

Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO)

A really easy way to compare the main differences in these is to learn about how restrictive or flexible the networks they use areWith changes in medical care and healthcare, plan sponsors look for ways to reduce costs for themselves and plan members, the tighter the network of providers, the more cost efficient the plan.

Managed Healthcare Plans are types of health insurance plans that emerged in the latter part of the 20th century. Managed health care plans provide a health insurance policy to individual members of a group or employer.

The group or employer is the plan sponsor of the managed care plan. A managed health care plan will help beneficiaries (members of the plan) by getting them more favorable rates or discounted medical insurance services from their plan's health provider network.

Ans 4. A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment. the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care. Specialized hospitals include trauma centers, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors' hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric treatment and certain disease categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals. Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on the sources of income received. A teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses. A medical facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g. surgery and urgent care) and specialist units such as cardiology. Some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a pharmacy, pathology, and radiology.

Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, health organisations (for profit or nonprofit), health insurance companies, or charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders, or by charitable individuals and leaders.

Currently, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, nurses, and allied health practitioners, whereas in the past, this work was usually performed by the members of founding religious orders or by volunteers.